Oracle Interview Questions & Answers

Question 1. What Is Oracle?

Answer :

Oracle is a company. Oracle is also a database server, which manages data in a very structured way. It allows users to store and retrieve related data in a multiuser environment so that many users can concurrently access the same data. All this is accomplished while delivering high performance. A database server also prevents unauthorized access and provides efficient solutions for failure recovery.

Question 2. What Is An Oracle Database?

Answer :

An Oracle database is a collection of data treated as a big unit in the database server.

Question 3. What Is An Oracle Instance?

Answer :

Every running Oracle database is associated with an Oracle instance. When a database is started on a database server (regardless of the type of computer), Oracle allocates a memory area called the System Global Area (SGA) and starts one or more Oracle processes. This combination of the SGA and the Oracle processes is called an Oracle instance. The memory and processes of an instance manage the associated database's data efficiently and serve the one or multiple users of the database.

Question 4. What Is Oracle Table?

Answer :

A table is the basic unit of data storage in an Oracle database. The tables of a database hold all of the user accessible data. Table data is stored in rows and columns.

Question 5. What Is An Oracle View?

Answer :

A view is a virtual table. Every view has a query attached to it. (The query is a SELECT statement that identifies the columns and rows of the table(s) the view uses.)

Question 6. What Is An Oracle Sequence?

Answer :

A sequence generates a serial list of unique numbers for numerical columns of a database's tables.

Question 7. What Is An Oracle Index?

Answer :

An index is an optional structure associated with a table to have direct access to rows, which can be created to increase the performance of data retrieval. Index can be created on one or more columns of a table.

Question 8. What Is An Oracle Data File?

Answer :

An Oracle data file is a big unit of physical storage in the OS file system. One or many Oracle data files are organized together to provide physical storage to a single Oracle tablespace.

Question 9. What Are The Components Of Physical Database Structure Of Oracle Database?

Answer :

Oracle database is comprised of three types of files. One or more datafiles, two are more redo log files, and one or more control files.

Question 10. What Are The Components Of Logical Database Structure Of Oracle Database?

Answer :

There are tablespaces and database's schema objects.

Question 11. What Is A Tablespace?

Answer :

A database is divided into Logical Storage Unit called tablespaces. A tablespace is used to grouped related logical structures together.

Question 12. What Is System Tablespace And When Is It Created?

Answer :

Every Oracle database contains a tablespace named SYSTEM, which is automatically created when the database is created. The SYSTEM tablespace always contains the data dictionary tables for the entire database.

Question 13. Explain The Relationship Among Database, Tablespace And Data File ?

Answer :

Each databases logically divided into one or more tablespaces one or more data files are explicitly created for each tablespace.

Question 14. What Is Schema?

Answer :

A schema is collection of database objects of a user.

Question 15. What Are Schema Objects?

Answer :

Schema objects are the logical structures that directly refer to the database's data. Schema objects include tables, views, sequences, synonyms, indexes, clusters, database triggers, procedures, functions packages and database links.

Question 16. Can Objects Of The Same Schema Reside In Different Tablespaces?

Answer :

Yes.

Question 17. Can A Tablespace Hold Objects From Different Schemes?

Answer :

Yes.

Question 18. What Is Partial Backup ?

Answer :

A Partial Backup is any operating system backup short of a full backup, taken while the database is open or shut down.

Question 19. What Is Mirrored On-line Redo Log ?

Answer :

A mirrored on-line redo log consists of copies of on-line redo log files physically located on separate disks, changes made to one member of the group are made to all members.

Question 20. What Is Full Backup ?

Answer :

A full backup is an operating system backup of all data files, on-line redo log files and control file that constitute ORACLE database and the parameter.

Question 21. Can A View Based On Another View ?

Answer :

Yes.

Question 22. Can A Tablespace Hold Objects From Different Schemes ?

Answer :

Yes.

Question 23. Can Objects Of The Same Schema Reside In Different Tablespace ?

Answer :

Yes.

Question 24. What Is The Use Of Control File ?

Answer :

When an instance of an ORACLE database is started, its control file is used to identify the database and redo log files that must be opened for database operation to proceed. It is also used in database recovery.

Question 25. Do View Contain Data ?

Answer :

Views do not contain or store data.

Question 26. What Are The Referential Actions Supported By Foreign Key Integrity Constraint ?

Answer :

UPDATE and DELETE Restrict - A referential integrity rule that disallows the update or deletion of referenced data.
DELETE Cascade - When a referenced row is deleted all associated dependent rows are deleted.

Question 27. What Are The Type Of Synonyms?

Answer :

There are two types of Synonyms

• Private 
• Public.

Question 28. What Is A Redo Log ?

Answer :

The set of Redo Log files YSDATE,UID,USER or USERENV SQL functions, or the pseudo columns LEVEL or ROWNUM.

Question 29. What Is An Index Segment ?

Answer :

Each Index has an Index segment that stores all of its data.

Question 30. Explain The Relationship Among Database, Tablespace And Data File?

Answer :

Each databases logically divided into one or more tablespaces one or more data files are explicitly created for each tablespace.

Question 31. What Are The Different Type Of Segments ?

Answer :

The different type of Segments are:

• Data Segment,
• Index Segment,
• Rollback Segment and
• Temporary Segment.

Question 32. What Are Clusters ?

Answer :

Clusters are groups of one or more tables physically stores together to share common columns and are often used together.

Question 33. What Is An Integrity Constrains ?

Answer :

An integrity constraint is a declarative way to define a business rule for a column of a table.

Question 34. What Is An Index ?

Answer :

An Index is an optional structure associated with a table to have direct access to rows, which can be created to increase the performance of data retrieval. Index can be created on one or more columns of a table.

Question 35. What Is An Extent ?

Answer :

An Extent is a specific number of contiguous data blocks, obtained in a single allocation, and used to store a specific type of information.

Question 36. What Is A View ?

Answer :

A view is a virtual table. Every view has a Query attached to it. (The Query is a SELECT statement that identifies the columns and rows of the table(s) the view uses.)

Question 37. What Is Table ?

Answer :

A table is the basic unit of data storage in an ORACLE database. The tables of a database hold all of the user accessible data. Table data is stored in rows and columns.

Question 38. Can A View Based On Another View?

Answer :

Yes.

Question 39. What Are The Advantages Of Views?

Answer :

• Provide an additional level of table security, by restricting access to a predetermined set of rows and columns of a table.
• Hide data complexity.
• Simplify commands for the user.
• Present the data in a different perspective from that of the base table.
• Store complex queries.

Question 40. What Is A Synonym?

Answer :

A synonym is an alias for a table, view, sequence or program unit.

Question 41. What Are The Types Of Synonyms?

Answer :

There are two types of synonyms private and public.

Question 42. What Is A Private Synonym?

Answer :

Only its owner can access a private synonym.

Question 43. What Is A Public Synonym?

Answer :

Any database user can access a public synonym.

Question 44. What Are Synonyms Used For?

Answer :

• Mask the real name and owner of an object.
• Provide public access to an object.
• Provide location transparency for tables, views or program units of a remote database.
• Simplify the SQL statements for database users.

Question 45. How Are The Index Updates?

Answer :

Indexes are automatically maintained and used by Oracle. Changes to table data are automatically incorporated into all relevant indexes.

Question 46. What Is Rollback Segment ?

Answer :

A Database contains one or more Rollback Segments to temporarily store "undo" information.

Question 47. What Are The Characteristics Of Data Files ?

Answer :

A data file can be associated with only one database. Once created a data file can't change size. One or more data files form a logical unit of database storage called a tablespace.

Question 48. How To Define Data Block Size ?

Answer :

A data block size is specified for each ORACLE database when the database is created. A database users and allocated free database space in ORACLE data blocks. Block size is specified in INIT.ORA file and can’t be changed latter.

Question 49. What Does A Control File Contain ?

Answer :

A Control file records the physical structure of the database. It contains the following information.

• Database Name
• Names and locations of a database's files and redolog files.
• Time stamp of database creation.

Question 50. What Is Difference Between Unique Constraint And Primary Key Constraint ?

Answer :

A column defined as UNIQUE can contain Nulls while a column defined as PRIMARY KEY can't contain Nulls.

Question 51. What Is Index Cluster ?

Answer :

A Cluster with an index on the Cluster Key.

Question 52. When Does A Transaction End ?

Answer :

When it is committed or Rollbacked.

Question 53. What Is The Effect Of Setting The Value "all_rows" For Optimizer_goal Parameter Of The Alter Session Command ? What Are The Factors That Affect Optimizer In Choosing An Optimization Approach ?

Answer :

The OPTIMIZER_MODE initialization parameter Statistics in the Data Dictionary the OPTIMIZER_GOAL parameter of the ALTER SESSION command hints in the statement.

Question 54. What Is The Effect Of Setting The Value "choose" For Optimizer_goal, Parameter Of The Alter Session Command ?

Answer :

The Optimizer chooses Cost_based approach and optimizes with the goal of best throughput if statistics for atleast one of the tables accessed by the SQL statement exist in the data dictionary. Otherwise the OPTIMIZER chooses RULE_based approach.

Question 55. How Does One Create A New Database? (for Dba)

Answer :

One can create and modify Oracle databases using the Oracle "dbca" (Database Configuration Assistant) utility. The dbca utility is located in the $ORACLE_HOME/bin directory. The Oracle Universal Installer (oui) normally starts it after installing the database server software.

One can also create databases manually using scripts. This option, however, is falling out of fashion, as it is quite involved and error prone. Look at this example for creating and Oracle 9i database:

CONNECT SYS AS SYSDBA
ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST='/u01/oradata/';
ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_1='/u02/oradata/';
ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_2='/u03/oradata/';
CREATE DATABASE;

Question 56. What Database Block Size Should I Use? (for Dba)

Answer :

Oracle recommends that your database block size match, or be multiples of your operating system block size. One can use smaller block sizes, but the performance cost is significant. Your choice should depend on the type of application you are running. If you have many small transactions as with OLTP, use a smaller block size. With fewer but larger transactions, as with a DSS application, use a larger block size. If you are using a volume manager, consider your "operating system block size" to be 8K. This is because volume manager products use 8K blocks (and this is not configurable).

Question 57. What Are The Different Approaches Used By Optimizer In Choosing An Execution Plan ?

Answer :

The different approaches used by Optimizer in choosing an execution plan are:

• Rule-based
• Cost-based.

Question 58. What Does Rollback Do ?

Answer :

ROLLBACK retracts any of the changes resulting from the SQL statements in the transaction.

Question 59. What Is Cost-based Approach To Optimization ?

Answer :

Considering available access paths and determining the most efficient execution plan based on statistics in the data dictionary for the tables accessed by the statement and their associated clusters and indexes.

Question 60. What Does Commit Do ?

Answer :

COMMIT makes permanent the changes resulting from all SQL statements in the transaction. The changes made by the SQL statements of a transaction become visible to other user sessions transactions that start only after transaction is committed.

Question 61. How Are Extents Allocated To A Segment? (for Dba)

Answer :

Oracle8 and above rounds off extents to a multiple of 5 blocks when more than 5 blocks are requested. If one requests 16K or 2 blocks (assuming a 8K block size), Oracle doesn't round it up to 5 blocks, but it allocates 2 blocks or 16K as requested. If one asks for 8 blocks, Oracle will round it up to 10 blocks.

Space allocation also depends upon the size of contiguous free space available. If one asks for 8 blocks and Oracle finds a contiguous free space that is exactly 8 blocks, it would give it you. If it were 9 blocks, Oracle would also give it to you. Clearly Oracle doesn't always round extents to a multiple of 5 blocks.

The exception to this rule is locally managed tablespaces. If a tablespace is created with local extent management and the extent size is 64K, then Oracle allocates 64K or 8 blocks assuming 8K-block size. Oracle doesn't round it up to the multiple of 5 when a tablespace is locally managed.

Question 62. Can One Rename A Database User (schema)? (for Dba)

Answer :

No, this is listed as Enhancement Request 158508. Workaround:

• Do a user-level export of user A
• create new user B
• Import system/manager fromuser=A touser=B
• Drop user A

Question 63. Define Transaction ?

Answer :

A Transaction is a logical unit of work that comprises one or more SQL statements executed by a single user.

Question 64. What Is Read-only Transaction ?

Answer :

A Read-Only transaction ensures that the results of each query executed in the transaction are consistant with respect to the same point in time.

Question 65. What Is A Deadlock ? Explain

Answer :

Two processes wating to update the rows of a table which are locked by the other process then deadlock arises. In a database environment this will often happen because of not issuing proper row lock commands. Poor design of front-end application may cause this situation and the performance of server will reduce drastically.

These locks will be released automatically when a commit/rollback operation performed or any one of this processes being killed externally.

Question 66. What Is A Schema ?

Answer :

The set of objects owned by user account is called the schema.

Question 67. What Is A Cluster Key ?

Answer :

The related columns of the tables are called the cluster key. The cluster key is indexed using a cluster index and its value is stored only once for multiple tables in the cluster.

Question 68. What Is Parallel Server ?

Answer :

Multiple instances accessing the same database (Only In Multi-CPU environments)

Question 69. What Is Clusters ?

Answer :

Group of tables physically stored together because they share common columns and are often used together is called Cluster.

Question 70. What Is An Index ? How It Is Implemented In Oracle Database ?

Answer :

An index is a database structure used by the server to have direct access of a row in a table. An index is automatically created when a unique of primary key constraint clause is specified in create table comman (Ver 7.0).

Question 71. What Is A Database Instance ? Explain

Answer :

A database instance (Server) is a set of memory structure and background processes that access a set of database files.

The process can be shared by all users. The memory structure that are used to store most queried data from database. This helps up to improve database performance by decreasing the amount of I/O performed against data file.

Question 72. What Is The Use Of Analyze Command ?

Answer :

To perform one of these function on an index, table, or cluster:

• To collect statistics about object used by the optimizer and store them in the data dictionary.
• To delete statistics about the object used by object from the data dictionary.
• To validate the structure of the object.
• To identify migrated and chained rows of the table or cluster.

Question 73. What Is Default Tablespace ?

Answer :

The Tablespace to contain schema objects created without specifying a tablespace name.

Question 74. What Are The System Resources That Can Be Controlled Through Profile ?

Answer :

The number of concurrent sessions the user can establish the CPU processing time available to the user's session the CPU processing time available to a single call to ORACLE made by a SQL statement the amount of logical I/O available to the user's session the amout of logical I/O available to a single call to ORACLE made by a SQL statement the allowed amount of idle time for the user's session the allowed amount of connect time for the user's session.

Question 75. What Is Tablespace Quota ?

Answer :

The collective amount of disk space available to the objects in a schema on a particular tablespace.

Question 76. What Are The Different Levels Of Auditing ?

Answer :

The different Levels of Auditing are:

• Statement Auditing,
• Privilege Auditing and
• Object Auditing.

Question 77. What Is Statement Auditing ?

Answer :

Statement auditing is the auditing of the powerful system privileges without regard to specifically named objects.

Question 78. What Are The Database Administrators Utilities Available ?

Answer :

• SQL * DBA - This allows DBA to monitor and control an ORACLE database.
• SQL * Loader - It loads data from standard operating system files (Flat files) into ORACLE database tables.
• Export (EXP) and Import (imp) utilities allow you to move existing data in ORACLE format to and from ORACLE database.

Question 79. How Can You Enable Automatic Archiving ?

Answer :

• Shut the database
• Backup the database
• Modify/Include LOG_ARCHIVE_START_TRUE in init.ora file.
• Start up the database.

Question 80. What Are Roles? How Can We Implement Roles ?

Answer :

Roles are the easiest way to grant and manage common privileges needed by different groups of database users. Creating roles and assigning provides to roles. Assign each role to group of users. This will simplify the job of assigning privileges to individual users.

Question 81. What Are Roles ?

Answer :

Roles are named groups of related privileges that are granted to users or other roles.

Question 82. What Are The Use Of Roles ?

Answer :

The use of Roles are:

• REDUCED GRANTING OF PRIVILEGES - Rather than explicitly granting the same set of privileges to many users a database administrator can grant the privileges for a group of related users granted to a role and then grant only the role to each member of the group.
• DYNAMIC PRIVILEGE MANAGEMENT - When the privileges of a group must change, only the privileges of the role need to be modified. The security domains of all users granted the group's role automatically reflect the changes made to the role.
• SELECTIVE AVAILABILITY OF PRIVILEGES - The roles granted to a user can be selectively enable (available for use) or disabled (not available for use). This allows specific control of a user's privileges in any given situation.
• APPLICATION AWARENESS - A database application can be designed to automatically enable and disable selective roles when a user attempts to use the application.

Question 83. What Is Privilege Auditing ?

Answer :

Privilege auditing is the auditing of the use of powerful system privileges without regard to specifically named objects.

Question 84. What Is Object Auditing ?

Answer :

Object auditing is the auditing of accesses to specific schema objects without regard to user.

Question 85. What Is Auditing ?

Answer :

Monitoring of user access to aid in the investigation of database use.

Question 86. Where Are My Tempfiles, I Don't See Them In V$datafile Or Dba_data_file? (for Dba )

Answer :

Tempfiles, unlike normal datafiles, are not listed in v$datafile or dba_data_files. Instead query v$tempfile or dba_temp_files:

• SELECT * FROM v$tempfile;
• SELECT * FROM dba_temp_files;

Question 87. How Do I Find Used/free Space In A Temporary Tablespace? (for Dba )

Answer :

Unlike normal tablespaces, true temporary tablespace information is not listed in DBA_FREE_SPACE. Instead use the V$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER view:

• SELECT tablespace_name, SUM (bytes used), SUM (bytes free)
• FROM V$temp_space_header
• GROUP BY tablespace_name;

Question 88. What Is A Profile ?

Answer :

Each database user is assigned a Profile that specifies limitations on various system resources available to the user.

Question 89. How Will You Enforce Security Using Stored Procedures?

Answer :

Don't grant user access directly to tables within the application. Instead grant the ability to access the procedures that access the tables. When procedure executed it will execute the privilege of procedures owner. Users cannot access tables except via the procedure.

Question 90. How Does One Get The View Definition Of Fixed Views/tables?

Answer :

Query v$fixed_view_definition. Example: SELECT * FROM v$fixed_view_definition WHERE view_name= 'V$SESSION';

Question 91. What Are The Dictionary Tables Used To Monitor A Database Spaces ?

Answer :

The dictionary tables used to monitor a database spaces are:

• DBA_FREE_SPACE
• DBA_SEGMENTS
• DBA_DATA_FILES.

Question 92. How Can We Specify The Archived Log File Name Format And Destination?

Answer :

By setting the following values in init.ora file. LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT = arch %S/s/T/tarc (%S - Log sequence number and is zero left paded, %s - Log sequence number not padded. %T - Thread number lef-zero-paded and %t - Thread number not padded). The file name created is arch 0001 are if %S is used. LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST = path.

Question 93. What Is User Account In Oracle Database?

Answer :

An user account is not a physical structure in Database but it is having important relationship to the objects in the database and will be having certain privileges.

Question 94. When Will The Data In The Snapshot Log Be Used?

Answer :

snapshort log is used updated data for master table and if any recored is updated after certain period to refers the master table collect the snapshot log because tha table size is very large it take lot of time thus by ues the snapshot log.

Question 95. What Dynamic Data Replication?

Answer :

Updating or Inserting records in remote database through database triggers. It may fail if remote database is having any problem.

Question 96. What Is Two-phase Commit ?

Answer :

Two-phase commit is mechanism that guarantees a distributed transaction either commits on all involved nodes or rolls back on all involved nodes to maintain data consistency across the global distributed database. It has two phase, a Prepare Phase and a Commit Phase.

Question 97. How Can You Enforce Referential Integrity In Snapshots ?

Answer :

Time the references to occur when master tables are not in use. Peform the reference the manually immediately locking the master tables. We can join tables in snopshots by creating a complex snapshots that will based on the master tables.

Question 98. What Is A Sql * Net?

Answer :

SQL *NET is ORACLE's mechanism for interfacing with the communication protocols used by the networks that facilitate distributed processing and distributed databases. It is used in Clint-Server and Server-Server communications.

Question 99. What Is A Snapshot ?

Answer :

Snapshots are read-only copies of a master table located on a remote node which is periodically refreshed to reflect changes made to the master table.

Question 100. What Is The Mechanism Provided By Oracle For Table Replication ?

Answer :

Snapshots and SNAPSHOT LOGs.

Question 101. What Is Snapshots?

Answer :

Snapshot is an object used to dynamically replicate data between distribute database at specified time intervals. In ver 7.0 they are read only.

Question 102. What Are The Various Type Of Snapshots?

Answer :

The various type of snapshots are:

• Simple 
• Complex.

Question 103. Describe Two Phases Of Two-phase Commit ?

Answer :

Prepare phase - The global coordinator (initiating node) ask a participants to prepare (to promise to commit or rollback the transaction, even if there is a failure).
Commit  Phase - If all participants respond to the coordinator that they are prepared, the coordinator asks all nodes to commit the transaction, if all participants cannot prepare, the coordinator asks all nodes to roll back the transaction.

Question 104. What Is Snapshot Log ?

Answer :

It is a table that maintains a record of modifications to the master table in a snapshot. It is stored in the same database as master table and is only available for simple snapshots. It should be created before creating snapshots.

Question 105. What Are The Benefits Of Distributed Options In Databases?

Answer :

• Database on other servers can be updated and those transactions can be grouped together with others in a logical unit.
• Database uses a two phase commit.

Question 106. What Are The Options Available To Refresh Snapshots ?

Answer :

COMPLETE - Tables are completely regenerated using the snapshots query and the master tables every time the snapshot referenced.
FAST - If simple snapshot used then a snapshot log can be used to send the changes to the snapshot tables.
FORCE - Default value. If possible it performs a FAST refresh; Otherwise it will perform a complete refresh.

Question 107. What Is A Snapshot Log ?

Answer :

A snapshot log is a table in the master database that is associated with the master table. ORACLE uses a snapshot log to track the rows that have been updated in the master table. Snapshot logs are used in updating the snapshots based on the master table.

Question 108. What Is Distributed Database ?

Answer :

A distributed database is a network of databases managed by multiple database servers that appears to a user as single logical database. The data of all databases in the distributed database can be simultaneously accessed and modified.

Question 109. How Can We Reduce The Network Traffic?

Answer :

• Replication of data in distributed environment.
• Using snapshots to replicate data.
• Using remote procedure calls.

Question 110. Differentiate Simple And Complex, Snapshots ?

Answer :

• A simple snapshot is based on a query that does not contains GROUP BY clauses, CONNECT BY clauses, JOINs, sub-query or snashot of operations.
• A complex snapshots contain atleast any one of the above.

Question 111. What Are The Built-ins Used For Sending Parameters To Forms?

Answer :

You can pass parameter values to a form when an application executes the call_form, New_form, Open_form or Run_product.

Question 112. Can You Have More Than One Content Canvas View Attached With A Window?

Answer :

Yes. Each window you create must have atleast one content canvas view assigned to it. You can also create a window that has manipulated content canvas view. At run time only one of the content canvas views assign to a window is displayed at a time.

Question 113. Is The After Report Trigger Fired If The Report Execution Fails?

Answer :

Yes.

Question 114. Does A Before Form Trigger Fire When The Parameter Form Is Suppressed?

Answer :

Yes.

Question 115. What Is Sga?

Answer :

The System Global Area in an Oracle database is the area in memory to facilitate the transfer of information between users. It holds the most recently requested structural information between users. It holds the most recently requested structural information about the database. The structure is database buffers, dictionary cache, redo log buffer and shared pool area.

Question 116. What Is A Shared Pool?

Answer :

The data dictionary cache is stored in an area in SGA called the shared pool. This will allow sharing of parsed SQL statements among concurrent users.

Question 117. What Is Mean By Program Global Area (pga)?

Answer :

It is area in memory that is used by a single Oracle user process.

Question 118. What Is A Data Segment?

Answer :

Data segment are the physical areas within a database block in which the data associated with tables and clusters are stored.

Question 119. What Are The Factors Causing The Reparsing Of Sql Statements In Sga?

Answer :

• Due to insufficient shared pool size.
• Monitor the ratio of the reloads takes place while executing SQL statements. If the ratio is greater than 1 then increase the SHARED_POOL_SIZE.

Question 120. What Are Clusters?

Answer :

Clusters are groups of one or more tables physically stores together to share common columns and are often used together.

Question 121. What Is Cluster Key?

Answer :

The related columns of the tables in a cluster are called the cluster key.

Question 122. Do A View Contain Data?

Answer :

Views do not contain or store data.

Question 123. What Are The Dictionary Tables Used To Monitor A Database Space?

Answer :

• DBA_FREE_SPACE
• DBA_SEGMENTS
• DBA_DATA_FILES.

Question 124. Can A Property Clause Itself Be Based On A Property Clause?

Answer :

Yes

Question 125. If A Parameter Is Used In A Query Without Being Previously Defined, What Diff. Exist Between. Report 2.0 And 2.5 When The Query Is Applied?

Answer :

While both reports 2.0 and 2.5 create the parameter, report 2.5 gives a message that a bind parameter has been created.

Question 126. What Are The Sql Clauses Supported In The Link Property Sheet?

Answer :

Where start with having.

Question 127. What Is Trigger Associated With The Timer?

Answer :

When-timer-expired.

Question 128. What Are The Trigger Associated With Image Items?

Answer :

When-image-activated fires when the operators double clicks on an image item when-image-pressed fires when an operator clicks or double clicks on an image item.

Question 129. What Are The Different Windows Events Activated At Runtimes?

Answer :

• When_window_activated
• When_window_closed
• When_window_deactivated
• When_window_resized

Within this triggers, you can examine the built in system variable system. event_window to determine the name of the window for which the trigger fired.

Question 130. When Do You Use Data Parameter Type?

Answer :

When the value of a data parameter being passed to a called product is always the name of the record group defined in the current form. Data parameters are used to pass data to products invoked with the run_product built-in subprogram.

Question 131. What Is Difference Between Open_form And Call_form?

Answer :

when one form invokes another form by executing open_form the first form remains displayed, and operators can navigate between the forms as desired. when one form invokes another form by executing call_form, the called form is modal with respect to the calling form. That is, any windows that belong to the calling form are disabled, and operators cannot navigate to them until they first exit the called form.

Question 132. What Is New_form Built-in?

Answer :

When one form invokes another form by executing new_form oracle form exits the first form and releases its memory before loading the new form calling new form completely replace the first with the second. If there are changes pending in the first form, the operator will be prompted to save them before the new form is loaded.

Question 133. What Is The "lov Of Validation" Property Of An Item? What Is The Use Of It?

Answer :

When LOV for Validation is set to True, Oracle Forms compares the current value of the text item to the values in the first column displayed in the LOV. Whenever the validation event occurs. If the value in the text item matches one of the values in the first column of the LOV, validation succeeds, the LOV is not displayed, and processing continues normally. If the value in the text item does not match one of the values in the first column of the LOV, Oracle Forms displays the LOV and uses the text item value as the search criteria to automatically reduce the list.

Question 134. What Is The Diff. When Flex Mode Is Mode On And When It Is Off?

Answer :

When flex mode is on, reports automatically resizes the parent when the child is resized.

Question 135. What Is The Diff. When Confine Mode Is On And When It Is Off?

Answer :

When confine mode is on, an object cannot be moved outside its parent in the layout.

Question 136. What Are Visual Attributes?

Answer :

Visual attributes are the font, color, pattern properties that you set for form and menu objects that appear in your application interface.

Question 137. Which Of The Two Views Should Objects According To Possession?

Answer :

view by structure.

Question 138. What Are The Two Types Of Views Available In The Object Navigator(specific To Report 2.5)?

Answer :

The two types of views available in the object navigator are:

• View by structure
• view by type .

Question 139. What Are The Vbx Controls?

Answer :

Vbx control provide a simple method of building and enhancing user interfaces. The controls can use to obtain user inputs and display program outputs.vbx control where originally develop as extensions for the ms visual basic environments and include such items as sliders, rides and knobs.

Question 140. What Is The Use Of Transactional Triggers?

Answer :

Using transactional triggers we can control or modify the default functionality of the oracle forms.

Question 141. How Do You Create A New Session While Open A New Form?

Answer :

Using open_form built-in setting the session option Ex. Open_form('Stocks ',active, session). when invoke the multiple forms with open form and call_form in the same application, state whether the following are true/False.

Question 142. What Are The Ways To Monitor The Performance Of The Report?

Answer :

• Use reports profile executable statement.
• Use SQL trace facility.

Question 143. If Two Groups Are Not Linked In The Data Model Editor, What Is The Hierarchy Between Them?

Answer :

Two group that is above are the left most rank higher than the group that is to right or below it.

Question 144. An Open Form Can Not Be Execute The Call_form Procedure If You Chain Of Called Forms Has Been Initiated By Another Open Form?

Answer :

True

Question 145. Explain About Horizontal, Vertical Tool Bar Canvas Views?

Answer :

Tool bar canvas views are used to create tool bars for individual windows. Horizontal tool bars are display at the top of a window, just under its menu bar. Vertical Tool bars are displayed along the left side of a window.

Question 146. What Is The Purpose Of The Product Order Option In The Column Property Sheet?

Answer :

To specify the order of individual group evaluation in a cross products.

Question 147. What Is The Use Of Image_zoom Built-in?

Answer :

To manipulate images in image items.

Question 148. How Do You Reference A Parameter Indirectly?

Answer :

To indirectly reference a parameter use the NAME IN, COPY 'built-ins to indirectly set and reference the parameters value' Example name_in ('capital parameter my param'), Copy ('SURESH','Parameter my_param')

Question 149. What Is A Timer?

Answer :

Timer is an "internal time clock" that you can programmatically create to perform an action each time the times.

Question 150. What Are The Two Phases Of Block Coordination?

Answer :

There are two phases of block coordination:

The clear phase:During, the clear phase, Oracle Forms navigates internally to the detail block and flushes the obsolete detail records.

The population phase. During the population phase, Oracle Forms issues a SELECT statement to repopulate the detail block with detail records associated with the new master record. These operations are accomplished through the execution of triggers.

Question 151. What Are Most Common Types Of Complex Master-detail Relationships?

Answer :

There are three most common types of complex master-detail relationships:

• master with dependent details
• master with independent details
• detail with two masters.

Question 152. What Is A Text List?

Answer :

The text list style list item appears as a rectangular box which displays the fixed number of values. When the text list contains values that can not be displayed, a vertical scroll bar appears, allowing the operator to view and select undisplayed values.

Question 153. What Is Term?

Answer :

The term is terminal definition file that describes the terminal form which you are using r20run.

Question 154. What Is Use Of Term?

Answer :

The term file which key is correspond to which oracle report functions.

Question 155. What Is Pop List?

Answer :

The pop list style list item appears initially as a single field (similar to a text item field). When the operator selects the list icon, a list of available choices appears.

Question 156. What Is The Maximum No Of Chars The Parameter Can Store?

Answer :

The maximum no of chars the parameter can store is only valid for char parameters, which can be upto 64K. No parameters default to 23Bytes and Date parameter default to 7Bytes.

Question 157. What Are The Default Extensions Of The Files Created By Library Module?

Answer :

The default file extensions indicate the library module type and storage format .pll - pl/sql library module binary.

Question 158. What Are The Coordination Properties In A Master-detail Relationship?

Answer :

The coordination properties are

• Deferred
• Auto-Query

These Properties determine when the population phase of block coordination should occur.

Question 159. How Do You Display Console On A Window ?

Answer :

The console includes the status line and message line, and is displayed at the bottom of the window to which it is assigned.To specify that the console should be displayed, set the console window form property to the name of any window in the form. To include the console, set console window to Null.

Question 160. What Are The Different Parameter Types?

Answer :

The different Parameter types are:

• Text Parameters
• Data Parameters

Question 161. State Any Three Mouse Events System Variables?

Answer :

• System.mouse_button_pressed
• System.mouse_button_shift_state
• system.mouse_item
• system.mouse_canvas
• system.mouse_record

Question 162. What Are The Types Of Calculated Columns Available?

Answer :

The types of calculated columns available are:

• Summary,
• Formula,
• Placeholder column.

Question 163. Explain About Stacked Canvas Views?

Answer :

Stacked canvas view is displayed in a window on top of, or "stacked" on the content canvas view assigned to that same window. Stacked canvas views obscure some part of the underlying content canvas view, and or often shown and hidden programmatically.

Question 164. What Is The Difference Between Show_editor And Edit_textitem?

Answer :

Show editor is the generic built-in which accepts any editor name and takes some input string and returns modified output string. Whereas the edit_textitem built-in needs the input focus to be in the text item before the built-in is executed.

Question 165. What Are The Built-ins That Are Used To Attach An Lov Programmatically To An Item?

Answer :

• set_item_property
• get_item_property

(by setting the LOV_NAME property)

Question 166. What Are The Different File Extensions That Are Created By Oracle Reports?

Answer :

The different file extensions that are created by oracle reports are:

• Rep file 
• Rdf file.

Question 167. What Is Strip Sources Generate Options?

Answer :

Removes the source code from the library file and generates a library files that contains only pcode. The resulting file can be used for final deployment, but can not be subsequently edited in the designer.ex. f45gen module=old_lib.pll userid=scott/tiger strip_source YES output_file.

Question 168. What Is The Basic Data Structure That Is Required For Creating An Lov?

Answer :

Record Group.

Question 169. What Is The Maximum Allowed Length Of Record Group Column?

Answer :

Record group column names cannot exceed 30 characters.

Question 170. Which Parameter Can Be Used To Set Read Level Consistency Across Multiple Queries?

Answer :

Read only

Question 171. What Are The Different Types Of Record Groups?

Answer :

The different types of Record Groups are:

• Query Record Groups
• NonQuery Record Groups
• State Record Groups.

Question 172. From Which Designation Is It Preferred To Send The Output To The Printed?

Answer :

Previewer

Question 173. What Are Difference Between Post Database Commit And Post-form Commit?

Answer :

Post-form commit fires once during the post and commit transactions process, after the database commit occurs. The post-form-commit trigger fires after inserts, updates and deletes have been posted to the database but before the transactions have been finalized in the issuing the command.
post-database-commit trigger fires after oracle forms issues the commit to finalized transactions.

Question 174. What Are The Different Display Styles Of List Items?

Answer :

• Pop_list
• Text_list
• Combo box

Question 175. Which Of The Above Methods Is The Faster Method?

Answer :

performing the calculation in the query is faster.

Question 176. With Which Function Of Summary Item Is The Compute At Options Required?

Answer :

percentage of total functions.

Question 177. What Are Parameters?

Answer :

Parameters provide a simple mechanism for defining and setting the valuesof inputs that are required by a form at startup. Form parameters are variables of type char,number,date that you define at design time.

Question 178. What Are The Three Types Of User Exits Available ?

Answer :

• Oracle Precompiler exits,
• Oracle call interface,
• NonOracle user exits.

Question 179. How Many Windows In A Form Can Have Console?

Answer :

Only one window in a form can display the console, and you cannot change the console assignment at runtime.

Question 180. What Is An Administrative (privileged) User?

Answer :

Oracle DBAs and operators typically use administrative accounts to manage the database and database instance. An administrative account is a user that is granted SYSOPER or SYSDBA privileges. SYSDBA and SYSOPER allow access to a database instance even if it is not running. Control of these privileges is managed outside of the database via password files and special operating system groups. This password file is created with the orapwd utility.

Question 181. What Are The Two Repeating Frame Always Associated With Matrix Object?

Answer :

• One down repeating frame below
• one across repeating frame.

Question 182. What Are The Master-detail Triggers?

Answer :

• On-Check_delete_master
• On_clear_details
• On_populate_details.

Question 183. How Does One Create A Password File?

Answer :

The Oracle Password File ($ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw or orapwSID) stores passwords for users with administrative privileges. One needs to create a password files before remote administrators (like OEM) will be allowed to connect.

Follow this procedure to create a new password file:

• Log in as the Oracle software owner
• Runcommand: orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=mypasswd
• Shutdown the database (SQLPLUS> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE)
• Edit the INIT.ORA file and ensure REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=exclusive is set.
• Startup the database (SQLPLUS> STARTUP)

Question 184. Is It Possible To Modify An External Query In A Report Which Contains It?

Answer :

No.

Question 185. Does A Grouping Done For Objects In The Layout Editor Affect The Grouping Done In The Data Model Editor?

Answer :

No.

Question 186. How Does One Add Users To A Password File?

Answer :

One can select from the SYS.V_$PWFILE_USERS view to see which users are listed in the password file. New users can be added to the password file by granting them SYSDBA or SYSOPER privileges, or by using the orapwd utility. GRANT SYSDBA TO scott;

Question 187. If A Break Order Is Set On A Column Would It Affect Columns Which Are Under The Column?

Answer :

No

Question 188. Why Are Ops$ Accounts A Security Risk In A Client/server Environment?

Answer :

If you allow people to log in with OPS$ accounts from Windows Workstations, you cannot be sure who they really are. With terminals, you can rely on operating system passwords, with Windows, you cannot.

If you set REMOTE_OS_AUTHENT=TRUE in your init.ora file, Oracle assumes that the remote OS has authenticated the user. If REMOTE_OS_AUTHENT is set to FALSE (recommended), remote users will be unable to connect without a password. IDENTIFIED EXTERNALLY will only be in effect from the local host. Also, if you are using "OPS$" as your prefix, you will be able to log on locally with or without a password, regardless of whether you have identified your ID with a password or defined it to be IDENTIFIED EXTERNALLY.

Question 189. Do User Parameters Appear In The Data Model Editor In 2.5?

Answer :

No.

Question 190. Can You Pass Data Parameters To Forms?

Answer :

No.

Question 191. Is It Possible To Link Two Groups Inside A Cross Products After The Cross Products Group Has Been Created?

Answer :

No.

Question 192. What Are The Different Modals Of Windows?

Answer :

• Modalless windows
• Modal windows

Question 193. What Are Modal Windows?

Answer :

Modal windows are usually used as dialogs, and have restricted functionality compared to modelless windows. On some platforms for example operators cannot resize, scroll or iconify a modal window.

Question 194. What Are The Different Default Triggers Created When Master Deletes Property Is Set To Non-isolated?

Answer :

• Master Deletes Property Resulting Triggers
• Non-Isolated(the default) On-Check-Delete-Master
• On-Clear-Details
• On-Populate-Details

Question 195. What Are The Different Default Triggers Created When Master Deletes Property Is Set To Isolated?

Answer :

Master Deletes Property Resulting Triggers:

• Isolated On-Clear-Details
• On-Populate-Details

Question 196. What Are The Different Default Triggers Created When Master Deletes Property Is Set To Cascade?

Answer :

Master Deletes Property Resulting Triggers:

•  Cascading On-Clear-Details
• On-Populate-Details
• Pre-delete

Question 197. What Is The Diff. Bet. Setting Up Of Parameters In Reports 2.0 Reports2.5?

Answer :

LOVs can be attached to parameters in the reports 2.5 parameter form.

Question 198. What Are The Difference Between Lov & List Item?

Answer :

Lov is a property where as list item is an item. A list item can have only one column, lov can have one or more columns.

Question 199. What Is The Advantage Of The Library?

Answer :

Libraries provide a convenient means of storing client-side program units and sharing them among multiple applications. Once you create a library, you can attach it to any other form, menu, or library modules. When you can call library program units from triggers menu items commands and user named routine, you write in the modules to which you have attach the library. When a library attaches another library, program units in the first library can reference program units in the attached library. Library support dynamic loading-that is library program units are loaded into an application only when needed. This can significantly reduce the run-time memory requirements of applications.

Question 200. What Is Lexical Reference? How Can It Be Created?

Answer :

Lexical reference is place_holder for text that can be embedded in a sql statements. A lexical reference can be created using & before the column or parameter name.

Question 201. What Is System.coordination_operation?

Answer :

It represents the coordination causing event that occur on the master block in master-detail relation.

Question 202. What Is Synchronize?

Answer :

It is a terminal screen with the internal state of the form. It updates the screen display to reflect the information that oracle forms has in its internal representation of the screen.

Question 203. What Use Of Command Line Parameter Cmd File?

Answer :

It is a command line argument that allows you to specify a file that contain a set of arguments for r20run.

Question 204. What Is A Text_io Package?

Answer :

It allows you to read and write information to a file in the file system.

Question 205. What Is Forms_ddl?

Answer :

Issues dynamic Sql statements at run time, including server side pl/SQl and DDL.

Question 206. How Is Link Tool Operation Different Bet. Reports 2 & 2.5?

Answer :

In Reports 2.0 the link tool has to be selected and then two fields to be linked are selected and the link is automatically created. In 2.5 the first field is selected and the link tool is then used to link the first field to the second field.

Question 207. What Are The Different Styles Of Activation Of Ole Objects?

Answer :

• In place activation,
• External activation.

Question 208. How Do You Reference A Parameter?

Answer :

In Pl/Sql, You can reference and set the values of form parameters using bind variables syntax.
Ex. PARAMETER name = '' or :block.item = PARAMETER Parameter name.

Question 209. What Is The Difference Between Object Embedding & Linking In Oracle Forms?

Answer :

In Oracle forms, Embedded objects become part of the form module, and linked objects are references from a form module to a linked source file.

Question 210. Name Of The Functions Used To Get/set Canvas Properties?

Answer :

• Get_view_property,
• Set_view_property

Question 211. What Are The Built-ins That Are Used For Setting The Lov Properties At Runtime?

Answer :

• get_lov_property
• set_lov_property

Question 212. What Are The Built-ins Used For Processing Rows?

Answer :

• Get_group_row_count(function)
• Get_group_selection_count(function)
• Get_group_selection(function)
• Reset_group_selection(procedure)
• Set_group_selection(procedure)
• Unset_group_selection(procedure)

Question 213. What Are The Built-in Used For Getting Cell Values?

Answer :

• Get_group_char_cell(function)
• Get_groupcell(function)
• Get_group_number_cell(function)

Question 214. What Are The Built-ins Used For Getting Cell Values?

Answer :

• GET_GROUP_CHAR_CELL (function)
• GET_GROUPCELL(function)
• GET_GROUP_NUMBET_CELL(function)

Question 215. Atleast How Many Set Of Data Must A Data Model Have Before A Data Model Can Be Base On It?

Answer :

Four

Question 216. To Execute Row From Being Displayed That Still Use Column In The Row Which Property Can Be Used?

Answer :

Format trigger.

Question 217. What Are Different Types Of Modules Available In Oracle Form?

Answer :

• Form module - a collection of objects and code routines.
• Menu modules - a collection of menus and menu item commands that together make up an application menu.
• library module - a collection of user named procedures, functions and packages that can be called from other modules in the application.

Question 218. What Is The Remove On Exit Property?

Answer :

For a modelless window, it determines whether oracle forms hides the window automatically when the operators navigates to an item in the another window.

Question 219. What Is When-database-record Trigger?

Answer :

Fires when oracle forms first marks a record as an insert or an update. The trigger fires as soon as oracle forms determines through validation that the record should be processed by the next post or commit as an insert or update. c generally occurs only when the operators modifies the first item in the record, and after the operator attempts to navigate out of the item.

Question 220. What Is A Difference Between Pre-select And Pre-query?

Answer :

Fires during the execute query and count query processing after oracle forms constructs the select statement to be issued, but before the statement is actually issued. The pre-query trigger fires just before oracle forms issues the select statement to the database after the operator as define the example records by entering the query criteria in enter query mode.Pre-query trigger fires before pre-select trigger.

Question 221. What Are Built-ins Associated With Timers?

Answer :

• find_timer
• create_timer
• delete_timer.

Question 222. What Are The Built-ins Used For Finding Object Id Functions?

Answer :

• Find_group(function)
• Find_column(function)

Question 223. What Are The Built-ins Used For Finding Object Id Function?

Answer :

• FIND_GROUP(function)
• FIND_COLUMN(function)

Question 224. Any Attempt To Navigate Programmatically To Disabled Form In A Call_form Stack Is Allowed?

Answer :

False

Question 225. Use The Add_group_row Procedure To Add A Row To A Static Record Group 1. True Or False?

Answer :

False

Question 226. Why And When Should One Tune?

Answer :

One of the biggest responsibilities of a DBA is to ensure that the Oracle database is tuned properly. The Oracle RDBMS is highly tunable and allows the database to be monitored and adjusted to increase its performance. One should do performance tuning for the following reasons:

The speed of computing might be wasting valuable human time (users waiting for response); Enable your system to keep-up with the speed business is conducted; and Optimize hardware usage to save money (companies are spending millions on hardware). Although this FAQ is not overly concerned with hardware issues, one needs to remember than you cannot tune a Buick into a Ferrari.

Question 227. How Can A Break Order Be Created On A Column In An Existing Group? What Are The Various Sub Events A Mouse Double Click Event Involves?

Answer :

By dragging the column outside the group.

Question 228. What Is The Use Of Place Holder Column? What Are The Various Sub Events A Mouse Double Click Event Involves?

Answer :

A placeholder column is used to hold calculated values at a specified place rather than allowing is to appear in the actual row where it has to appear.

Question 229. What Is The Use Of Hidden Column? What Are The Various Sub Events A Mouse Double Click Event Involves?

Answer :

A hidden column is used to when a column has to embed into boilerplate text.

Question 230. What Are The Various Sub Events A Mouse Double Click Event Involves? What Are The Various Sub Events A Mouse Double Click Event Involves?

Answer :

Double clicking the mouse consists of the mouse down, mouse up, mouse click, mouse down & mouse up events.

Question 231. What Are The Default Parameter That Appear At Run Time In The Parameter Screen? What Are The Various Sub Events A Mouse Double Click Event Involves?

Answer :

Destype and Desname.

Question 232. What Are The Built-ins Used For Creating And Deleting Groups?

Answer :

• CREATE-GROUP (function)
• CREATE_GROUP_FROM_QUERY(function)
• DELETE_GROUP(procedure)

Question 233. What Are Different Types Of Canvas Views?

Answer :

• Content canvas views
• Stacked canvas views
• Horizontal toolbar
• vertical toolbar.

Question 234. What Are The Different Types Of Delete Details We Can Establish In Master-details?

Answer :

• Cascade
• Isolate
• Non-isolate

Question 235. What Is Relation Between The Window And Canvas Views?

Answer :

Canvas views are the back ground objects on which you place the interface items (Text items), check boxes, radio groups etc.,) and boilerplate objects (boxes, lines, images etc.,) that operators interact with us they run your form . Each canvas views displayed in a window.

Question 236. What Is A User_exit?

Answer :

Calls the user exit named in the user_exit_string. Invokes a 3Gl program by name which has been properly linked into your current oracle forms executable.

Question 237. How Is It Possible To Select Generate A Select Set For The Query In The Query Property Sheet?

Answer :

By using the tables/columns button and then specifying the table and the column names.

Question 238. How Can Values Be Passed Bet. Precompiler Exits & Oracle Call Interface?

Answer :

By using the statement EXECIAFGET & EXECIAFPUT.

Question 239. How Can A Square Be Drawn In The Layout Editor Of The Report Writer?

Answer :

By using the rectangle tool while pressing the (Constraint) key.

Question 240. How Can A Text File Be Attached To A Report While Creating In The Report Writer?

Answer :

By using the link file property in the layout boiler plate property sheet.

Question 241. How Can I Message To Passed To The User From Reports?

Answer :

By using SRW.MESSAGE function.

Question 242. Does One Need To Drop/ Truncate Objects Before Importing?

Answer :

Before one import rows into already populated tables, one needs to truncate or drop these tables to get rid of the old data. If not, the new data will be appended to the existing tables. One must always DROP existing Sequences before re-importing. If the sequences are not dropped, they will generate numbers inconsistent with the rest of the database. 

Question 243. How Can A Button Be Used In A Report To Give A Drill Down Facility?

Answer :

By setting the action associated with button to Execute pl/sql option and using the SRW.Run_report function.

Question 244. Can One Import/export Between Different Versions Of Oracle?

Answer :

Different versions of the import utility is upwards compatible. This means that one can take an export file created from an old export version, and import it using a later version of the import utility. This is quite an effective way of upgrading a database from one release of Oracle to the next.

Oracle also ships some previous catexpX.sql scripts that can be executed as user SYS enabling older imp/exp versions to work (for backwards compatibility). For example, one can run $ORACLE_HOME /rdbms /admin/catexp7.sql on an Oracle 8 database to allow the Oracle 7.3 exp/imp utilities to run against an Oracle 8 database.

Question 245. What Are Different Types Of Images?

Answer :

Boiler plate images, Image Items.

Question 246. What Is Bind Reference And How Can It Be Created?

Answer :

Bind reference are used to replace the single value in sql, pl/sql statements a bind reference can be created using a (:) before a column or a parameter name.

Question 247. Give The Sequence Of Execution Of The Various Report Triggers?

Answer :

• Before form ,
• After form ,
• Before report,
• Between page,
• After report.

Question 248. Why Is It Preferable To Create A Fewer No. Of Queries In The Data Model?

Answer :

Because for each query, report has to open a separate cursor and has to rebind, execute and fetch data.

Question 249. Where Is The External Query Executed At The Client Or The Server?

Answer :

At the server.

Question 250. Where Is A Procedure Return In An External Pl/sql Library Executed At The Client Or At The Server?

Answer :

At the client.

Question 251. What Is Coordination Event?

Answer :

Any event that makes a different record in the master block the current record is a coordination causing event.

Question 252. What Is The Difference Between Ole Server & Ole Container?

Answer :

Ole server application creates ole Objects that are embedded or linked in ole Containers ex. Ole servers are ms_word & ms_excel.
OLE containers provide a place to store, display and manipulate objects that are created by ole server applications. Ex. oracle forms is an example of an ole Container.

Question 253. What Is An Object Group?

Answer :

An object group is a container for a group of objects; you define an object group when you want to package related objects, so that you copy or reference them in other modules.

Question 254. What Is An Lov?

Answer :

An LOV is a scrollable popup window that provides the operator with either a single or multi column selection list.

Question 255. At What Point Of Report Execution Is The Before Report Trigger Fired?

Answer :

After the query is executed but before the report is executed and the records are displayed.

Question 256. What Are The Built -ins Used For Modifying A Groups Structure?

Answer :

• ADD-GROUP_COLUMN (function)
• ADD_GROUP_ROW (procedure)
• DELETE_GROUP_ROW(procedure)

Question 257. What Is An User Exit Used For?

Answer :

A way in which to pass control (and possibly arguments ) form Oracle report to another Oracle products of 3 GL and then return control ( and ) back to Oracle reports.

Question 258. What Is The User-named Editor?

Answer :

A user named editor has the same text editing functionality as the default editor, but, because it is a named object, you can specify editor attributes such as windows display size, position, and title.

Question 259. What Is A Static Record Group?

Answer :

A static record group is not associated with a query, rather, you define its structure and row values at design time, and they remain fixed at runtime.

Question 260. What Is A Record Group?

Answer :

A record group is an internal Oracle Forms that structure that has a column/row framework similar to a database table. However, unlike database tables, record groups are separate objects that belong to the form module which they are defined.

Question 261. My Database Is Down And I Cannot Restore. What Now?

Answer :

Recovery without any backup is normally not supported, however, Oracle Consulting can sometimes extract data from an offline database using a utility called DUL (Disk UnLoad). This utility reads data in the data files and unloads it into SQL*Loader or export dump files. DUL does not care about rollback segments, corrupted blocks, etc, and can thus not guarantee that the data is not logically corrupt. It is intended as an absolute last resort and will most likely cost your company a lot of money!!!

Question 262. I've Lost My Redolog Files, How Can I Get My Db Back?

Answer :

The following INIT.ORA parameter may be required if your current redo logs are corrupted or blown away. Caution is advised when enabling this parameter as you might end-up losing your entire database. Please contact Oracle Support before using it.
_allow_resetlogs_corruption = true

Question 263. What Is A Property Clause?

Answer :

A property clause is a named object that contains a list of properties and their settings. Once you create a property clause you can base other object on it. An object based on a property can inherit the setting of any property in the clause that makes sense for that object.

Question 264. What Is A Physical Page & What Is A Logical Page ?

Answer :

A physical page is a size of a page. That is output by the printer. The logical page is the size of one page of the actual report as seen in the Previewer.

Question 265. What Are The Differences Between Ebu And Rman?

Answer :

Enterprise Backup Utility (EBU) is a functionally rich, high performance interface for backing up Oracle7 databases. It is sometimes referred to as OEBU for Oracle Enterprise Backup Utility. The Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN) utility that ships with Oracle8 and above is similar to Oracle7's EBU utility. However, there is no direct upgrade path from EBU to RMAN.

Question 266. How Does One Create A Rman Recovery Catalog?

Answer :

Start by creating a database schema (usually called rman). Assign an appropriate tablespace to it and grant it the recovery_catalog_owner role. Look at this example: 

sqlplus sys
SQL>create user rman identified by rman;
SQL> alter user rman default tablespace tools temporary tablespace temp;
SQL> alter user rman quota unlimited on tools;
SQL> grant connect, resource, recovery_catalog_owner to rman;
SQL> exit;

Next, log in to rman and create the catalog schema. Prior to Oracle 8i this was done by running the catrman.sql script. rman catalog rman/rman

RMAN>create catalog tablespace tools;
RMAN> exit;

You can now continue by registering your databases in the catalog. Look at this example: 
rman catalog rman/rman target backdba/backdba

RMAN> register database;

Question 267. How Can A Group In A Cross Products Be Visually Distinguished From A Group That Does Not Form A Cross Product?

Answer :

A group that forms part of a cross product will have a thicker border.

Question 268. What Is The Frame & Repeating Frame?

Answer :

A frame is a holder for a group of fields. A repeating frame is used to display a set of records when the no. of records that are to displayed is not known before.

Question 269. What Is A Combo Box?

Answer :

A combo box style list item combines the features found in list and text item. Unlike the pop list or the text list style list items, the combo box style list item will both display fixed values and accept one operator entered value.

Question 270. What Are Three Panes That Appear In The Run Time Pl/sql Interpreter?

Answer :

1.  Source pane.
2. interpreter pane.
3. Navigator pane.

Question 271. What Are The Two Panes That Appear In The Design Time Pl/sql Interpreter?

Answer :

1. Source pane.
2. Interpreter pane

Question 272. What Are The Two Ways By Which Data Can Be Generated For A Parameters List Of Values?

Answer :

1. Using static values.
2. Writing select statement.

Question 273. What Are The Various Methods Of Performing A Calculation In A Report ?

Answer :

1. Perform the calculation in the SQL statements itself.
2. Use a calculated / summary column in the data model.

Question 274. What Are The Default Extensions Of The Files Created By Menu Module?

Answer :

• .mmb,
• .mmx

Question 275. What Are The Default Extensions Of The Files Created By Forms Modules?

Answer :

• .fmb - form module binary
• .fmx - form module executable

Question 276. To Display The Page No. For Each Page On A Report What Would Be The Source & Logical Page No. Or & Of Physical Page No.?

Answer :

& physical page no.

Question 277. It Is Possible To Use Raw Devices As Data Files And What Is The Advantages Over File. System Files ?

Answer :

Yes. The advantages over file system files. I/O will be improved because Oracle is bye-passing the kernnel which writing into disk. Disk Corruption will be very less.

Question 278. What Are Disadvantages Of Having Raw Devices ?

Answer :

We should depend on export/import utility for backup/recovery (fully reliable) The tar command cannot be used for physical file backup, instead we can use dd command which is less flexible and has limited recoveries.

Question 279. What Is The Significance Of Having Storage Clause ?

Answer :

We can plan the storage for a table as how much initial extents are required, how much can be extended next, how much % should leave free for managing row updations etc.,

Question 280. What Is The Use Of Inctype Option In Exp Command ?

Answer :

Type export should be performed COMPLETE,CUMULATIVE,INCREMENTAL. List the sequence of events when a large transaction that exceeds beyond its optimal value when an entry wraps and causes the rollback segment toexpand into anotion Completes. e. will be written.

Question 281. What Is The Use Of File Option In Imp Command ?

Answer :

The name of the file from which import should be performed.

Question 282. What Is A Shared Sql Pool?

Answer :

The data dictionary cache is stored in an area in SGA called the Shared SQL Pool. This will allow sharing of parsed SQL statements among concurrent users.

Question 283. What Is Hot Backup And How It Can Be Taken?

Answer :

Taking backup of archive log files when database is open. For this the ARCHIVELOG mode should be enabled. The following files need to be backed up. All data files. All Archive log, redo log files. All control files.

Question 284. List The Optional Flexible Architecture (ofa) Of Oracle Database? Or How Can We Organize The Tablespaces In Oracle Database To Have Maximum Performance ?

Answer :

• SYSTEM - Data dictionary tables.
• DATA - Standard operational tables.
• DATA2- Static tables used for standard operations
• INDEXES - Indexes for Standard operational tables.
• INDEXES1 - Indexes of static tables used for standard operations.
• TOOLS - Tools table.
• TOOLS1 - Indexes for tools table.
• RBS - Standard Operations Rollback Segments,
• RBS1,RBS2 - Additional/Special Rollback segments.
• TEMP - Temporary purpose tablespace
• TEMP_USER - Temporary tablespace for users.
• USERS - User tablespace.

Question 285. How To Implement The Multiple Control Files For An Existing Database ?

Answer :

Shutdown the database Copy one of the existing control file to new location Edit Config ora file by adding new control file. name Restart the database.

Question 286. What Is Advantage Of Having Disk Shadowing/ Mirroring ?

Answer :

Shadow set of disks save as a backup in the event of disk failure. In most Operating System if any disk failure occurs it automatically switchover to place of failed disk. Improved performance because most OS support volume shadowing can direct file I/O request to use the shadow set of files instead of the main set of files. This reduces I/O load on the main set of disks.

Question 287. How Will You Force Database To Use Particular Rollback Segment ?

Answer :

SET TRANSACTION USE ROLLBACK SEGMENT rbs_name.

Question 288. Why Query Fails Sometimes ?

Answer :

Rollback segment dynamically extent to handle larger transactions entry loads. A single transaction may wipeout all available free space in the Rollback Segment Tablespace. This prevents other user using Rollback segments.

Question 289. What Is The Use Of Record Length Option In Exp Command ?

Answer :

Record length in bytes.

Question 290. How Will You Monitor Rollback Segment Status ?

Answer :

Querying the DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS view

• IN USE - Rollback Segment is on-line.
• AVAILABLE - Rollback Segment available but not on-line.
• OFF-LINE - Rollback Segment off-line
• INVALID - Rollback Segment Dropped.
• NEEDS RECOVERY - Contains data but need recovery or corupted.
• PARTLY AVAILABLE - Contains data from an unresolved transaction involving a distributed database.

Question 291. What Is Meant By Redo Log File Mirroring ? How It Can Be Achieved?

Answer :

Process of having a copy of redo log files is called mirroring. This can be achieved by creating group of log files together, so that LGWR will automatically writes them to all the members of the current on-line redo log group. If any one group fails then database automatically switch over to next group. It degrades performance.

Question 292. Which Parameter In Storage Clause Will Reduce No. Of Rows Per Block?

Answer :

PCTFREE parameter. Row size also reduces no of rows per block.

Question 293. What Is Meant By Recursive Hints ?

Answer :

Number of times processes repeatedly query the dictionary table is called recursive hints. It is due to the data dictionary cache is too small. By increasing the SHARED_POOL_SIZE parameter we can optimize the size of Data Dictionary Cache.

Question 294. What Is The Use Of Parfile Option In Exp Command ?

Answer :

Name of the parameter file to be passed for export.

Question 295. What Is A Logical Backup?

Answer :

Logical backup involves reading a set of database records and writing them into a file. Export utility is used for taking backup and Import utility is used to recover from backup.

Question 296. What Is A Rollback Segment Entry ?

Answer :

It is the set of before image data blocks that contain rows that are modified by a transaction. Each Rollback Segment entry must be completed within one rollback segment. A single rollback segment can have multiple rollback segment entries.

Question 297. What Are The Different Kind Of Export Backups?

Answer :

• Full back - Complete database
• Incremental - Only affected tables from last incremental date/full backup date.
• Cumulative backup - Only affected table from the last cumulative date/full backup date.

Question 298. How Free Extents Are Managed In Ver 6.0 And Ver 7.0 ?

Answer :

• Free extents cannot be merged together in Ver 6.0.
• Free extents are periodically coalesces with the neighboring free extent in Ver 7.0.

Question 299. What Is The Use Of Record Option In Exp Command?

Answer :

For Incremental exports, the flag indirects whether a record will be stores data dictionary tables recording the export.

Question 300. What Is The Use Of Rows Option In Exp Command ?

Answer :

Flag to indicate whether table rows should be exported. If 'N' only DDL statements for the database objects will be created.

Question 301. What Is The Use Of Compress Option In Exp Command ?

Answer :

Flag to indicate whether export should compress fragmented segments into single extents.

Question 302. How Does Space Allocation Table Place Within A Block ?

Answer :

• Each block contains entries as follows
• Fixed block header
• Variable block header
• Row Header,row date (multiple rows may exists)
• PCTEREE (% of free space for row updation in future)

Question 303. What Is Dictionary Cache ?

Answer :

Dictionary cache is information about the databse objects stored in a data dictionary table.

Question 304. What Is A Control File ?

Answer :

Database overall physical architecture is maintained in a file called control file. It will be used to maintain internal consistency and guide recovery operations. Multiple copies of control files are advisable.

Question 305. What Is Database Buffers ?

Answer :

Database buffers are cache in the SGA used to hold the data blocks that are read from the data segments in the database such as tables, indexes and clusters DB_BLOCK_BUFFERS parameter in INIT.ORA decides the size.

Question 306. How Will You Create Multiple Rollback Segments In A Database ?

Answer :

Create a database which implicitly creates a SYSTEM Rollback Segment in a SYSTEM tablespace. Create a Second Rollback Segment name R0 in the SYSTEM tablespace. Make new rollback segment available (After shutdown, modify init.ora file and Start database) Create other tablespaces (RBS) for rollback segments. Deactivate Rollback Segment R0 and activate the newly created rollback segments.

Question 307. What Is Cold Backup? What Are The Elements Of It?

Answer :

Cold backup is taking backup of all physical files after normal shutdown of database. We need to take.

• All Data files.
• All Control files.
• All on-line redo log files.
• The init.ora file (Optional)

Question 308. What Is Meant By Redo Log Buffer ?

Answer :

Changes made to entries are written to the on-line redo log files. So that they can be used in roll forward operations during database recoveries. Before writing them into the redo log files, they will first brought to redo log buffers in SGA and LGWR will write into files frequently. LOG_BUFFER parameter will decide the size.

Question 309. How Will You Estimate The Space Required By A Non-clustered Tables?

Answer :

• Calculate the total header size
• Calculate the available dataspace per data block
• Calculate the combined column lengths of the average row
• Calculate the total average row size.
• Calculate the average number rows that can fit in a block
• Calculate the number of blocks and bytes required for the table.
• After arriving the calculation, add 10 % additional space to calculate the initial extent size for a working table.

Question 310. How Will You Monitor The Space Allocation ?

Answer :

By querying DBA_SEGMENT table/view.

Question 311. What Is Meant By Free Extent ?

Answer :

A free extent is a collection of continuous free blocks in tablespace. When a segment is dropped its extents are reallocated and are marked as free.

Question 312. What Is The Use Of Ignore Option In Imp Command ?

Answer :

A flag to indicate whether the import should ignore errors encounter when issuing CREATE commands.

Question 313. What Is The Use Of Analyse ( Ver 7) Option In Exp Command ?

Answer :

A flag to indicate whether statistical information about the exported objects should be written to export dump file.

Question 314. What Is The Use Of Rows Option In Imp Command ?

Answer :

A flag to indicate whether rows should be imported. If this is set to 'N' then only DDL for database objects will be executed.

Question 315. What Is The Use Of Indexes Option In Exp Command ?

Answer :

A flag to indicate whether indexes on tables will be exported.

Question 316. What Is The Use Of Indexes Option In Imp Command ?

Answer :

A flag to indicate whether import should import index on tables or not.

Question 317. What Is The Use Of Grant Option In Exp Command?

Answer :

A flag to indicate whether grants on databse objects will be exported or not. Value is 'Y' or 'N'.

Question 318. What Is The Use Of Grant Option In Imp Command ?

Answer :

A flag to indicate whether grants on database objects will be imported.

Question 319. What Is The Use Of Full Option In Exp Command ?

Answer :

A flag to indicate whether full databse export should be performed.

Question 320. What Is The Use Of Show Option In Imp Command ?

Answer :

A flag to indicate whether file content should be displayed or not.

Question 321. What Is The Use Of Constraints Option In Exp Command ?

Answer :

A flag to indicate whether constraints on table need to be exported.

Question 322. What Is The Use Of Consistent (ver 7) Option In Exp Command ?

Answer :

A flag to indicate whether a read consistent version of all the exported objects should be maintained.

Question 323. What Are The Different Methods Of Backing Up Oracle Database ?

Answer :

• Logical Backups
• Cold Backups
• Hot Backups (Archive log)

Question 324. What Is The Difference Between On-validate-field Trigger And A Post-change Trigger ?

Answer :

When you changes the Existing value to null, the On-validate field trigger will fire post change trigger will not fire. At the time of execute-query post-change trigger will fire, on-validate field trigger will not fire.

Question 325. When Is Pre-query Trigger Executed ?

Answer :

When Execute-query or count-query Package procedures are invoked.

Question 326. How Do You Trap The Error In Forms 3.0 ?

Answer :

using On-Message or On-Error triggers.

Question 327. How Many Pages You Can In Insert A Single Form ?

Answer :

Unlimited.

Question 328. What Is The Usage Of An On-insert,on-delete And On-update Triggers ?

Answer :

These triggers are executes when inserting, deleting and updating operations are performed and can be used to change the default function of insert, delete or update respectively. For Eg, instead of inserting a row in a table an existing row can be updated in the same table.

Question 329. What Is An Sql *forms ?

Answer :

SQL *forms is 4GL tool for developing and executing; Oracle based interactive application.

Question 330. How Do You Control The Constraints In Forms ?

Answer :

Select the use constraint property is ON Block definition screen. 

Question 331. What Is The Difference Between Restricted And Unrestricted Package Procedure ?

Answer :

Restricted package procedure that affects the basic functions of SQL * Forms. It cannot used in all triggers except key triggers. Unrestricted package procedure that does not interfere with the basic functions of SQL * Forms it can be used in any triggers.

Question 332. A Query Fetched 10 Records How Many Times Does A Pre-query Trigger And Post-query Trigger Will Get Executed ?

Answer :

• PRE-QUERY fires once.
• POST-QUERY fires 10 times.

Question 333. Give The Sequence In Which Triggers Fired During Insert Operations, When The Following 3 Triggers Are Defined At The Same Block Level ?

Answer :

• ON-INSERT
• POST-INSERT
• PRE-INSERT

Question 334. What The Pause Package Procedure Does ?

Answer :

Pause suspends processing until the operator presses a function key.

Question 335. What Do You Mean By A Page ?

Answer :

Pages are collection of display information, such as constant text and graphics.

Question 336. What Is The Difference Between An On-validate-field Trigger And A Trigger ?

Answer :

On-validate-field trigger fires, when the field Validation status New or changed. Post-field-trigger whenever the control leaving form the field, it will fire.

Question 337. Can We Use A Restricted Package Procedure In On-validate-field Trigger ?

Answer :

No.

Question 338. Is A Key Startup Trigger Fires As Result Of A Operator Pressing A Key Explicitly ?

Answer :

No.

Question 339. Can We Use Go-block Package In A Pre-field Trigger ?

Answer :

No.

Question 340. Can We Create Two Blocks With The Same Name In Form 3.0 ?

Answer :

No.

Question 341. What Does An On-clear-block Trigger Fire?

Answer :

It fires just before SQL * forms the current block.

Question 342. Name The Two Files That Are Created When You Generate The Form Give The Filex Extension ?

Answer :

• INP (Source File).
• FRM (Executable File).

Question 343. What Package Procedure Used For Invoke Sql *plus From Sql *forms ?

Answer :

Host (E.g. Host (sqlplus)).

Question 344. What Is The Significance Of Page 0 In Forms 3.0 ?

Answer :

Hide the fields for internal calculation.

Question 345. What Are The Different Types Of Key Triggers ?

Answer :

• Function Key
• Key-function
• Key-others
• Key-startup.

Question 346. What Is The Difference Between A Function Key Trigger And Key Function Trigger ?

Answer :

Function key triggers are associated with individual SQL*FORMS function keys You can attach Key function triggers to 10 keys or key sequences that normally do not perform any SQL * FORMS operations. These keys referred as key F0 through key F9.

Question 347. Committed Block Sometimes Refer To A Base Table ?

Answer :

False.

Question 348. When Is Cost Based Optimization Triggered?

Answer :

It's important to have statistics on all tables for the CBO (Cost Based Optimizer) to work correctly. If one table involved in a statement does not have statistics, Oracle has to revert to rule-based optimization for that statement. So you really want for all tables to have statistics right away; it won't help much to just have the larger tables analyzed.

Generally, the CBO can change the execution plan when you:

1. Change statistics of objects by doing an ANALYZE;
2. Change some initialization parameters (for example: hash_join_enabled, sort_area_size, db_ file_ multi block_ read_count).

Question 349. How Can One Optimize %xyz% Queries?

Answer :

It is possible to improve %XYZ% queries by forcing the optimizer to scan all the entries from the index instead of the table. This can be done by specifying hints. If the index is physically smaller than the table (which is usually the case) it will take less time to scan the entire index than to scan the entire table.

Question 350. What Enter Package Procedure Does ?

Answer :

Enter Validate-data in the current validation unit.

Question 351. Where Can One Find I/o Statistics Per Table?

Answer :

The UTLESTAT report shows I/O per tablespace but one cannot see what tables in the tablespace has the most I/O. The $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catio.sql script creates a sample_io procedure and table to gather the required information. After executing the procedure, one can do a simple SELECT * FROM io_per_object; to extract the required information. For more details, look at the header comments in the $ORACLE_ HOME/ rdbms/admin/catio.sql script.

Question 352. My Query Was Fine Last Week And Now It Is Slow. Why?

Answer :

The likely cause of this is because the execution plan has changed. Generate a current explain plan of the offending query and compare it to a previous one that was taken when the query was performing well. Usually the previous plan is not available.

Some factors that can cause a plan to change are:

• Which tables are currently analyzed? Were they previously analyzed? (ie. Was the query using RBO and now CBO?)
• Has OPTIMIZER_MODE been changed in INIT.ORA?
• Has the DEGREE of parallelism been defined/changed on any table?
• Have the tables been re-analyzed? Were the tables analyzed using estimate or compute? If estimate, what percentage was used?
• Have the statistics changed?
• Has the INIT.ORA parameter DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK_READ_COUNT been changed?
• Has the INIT.ORA parameter SORT_AREA_SIZE been changed?
• Have any other INIT.ORA parameters been changed?
• What do you think the plan should be? Run the query with hints to see if this produces the required performance.

Question 353. When Should One Rebuild An Index?

Answer :

You can run the 'ANALYZE INDEX VALIDATE STRUCTURE' command on the affected indexes - each invocation of this command creates a single row in the INDEX_STATS view. This row is overwritten by the next ANALYZE INDEX command, so copy the contents of the view into a local table after each ANALYZE. The 'badness' of the index can then be judged by the ratio of 'DEL_LF_ROWS' to 'LF_ROWS'.

Question 354. What Are The Unrestricted Procedures Used To Change The Popup Screen Position During Run Time ?

Answer :

• Anchor-view
• Resize -View
• Move-View.

Question 355. What Is An Alert ?

Answer :

An alert is window that appears in the middle of the screen overlaying a portion of the current display.

Question 356. What Is An User Exits ?

Answer :

A user exit is a subroutine which are written in programming languages using pro*C pro *Cobol , etc., that link into the SQL * forms executable.

Question 357. What Is A Trigger ?

Answer :

A piece of logic that is executed at or triggered by a SQL *forms event.

Question 358. What Is A Package Procedure ?

Answer :

A Package procedure is built in PL/SQL procedure.

Question 359. What Is The Maximum Size Of A Form ?

Answer :

255 character width and 255 characters Length.

Question 360. What Is The Difference Between System.current_field And System.cursor_field ?

Answer :

1. System.current_field gives name of the field.
2. System.cursor_field gives name of the field with block name.

Question 361. List The System Variables Related In Block And Field?

Answer :

1. System.block_status
2. System.current_block
3. System.current_field
4. System.current_value
5. System.cursor_block
6. System.cursor_field
7. System.field_status.

Question 362. What Are The Different Types Of Package Procedure ?

Answer :

1. Restricted package procedure.
2. Unrestricted package procedure.

Question 363. What Are The Types Of Triggers ?

Answer :

1. Navigational Triggers.
2. Transaction Triggers.

Question 364. Can You Attach An Lov To A Field At Run-time? If Yes, Give The Build-in Name?

Answer :

Yes. Set_item_proprety.

Question 365. Is It Possible To Attach Same Library To More Than One Form?

Answer :

Yes.

Question 366. Can You Attach An Lov To A Field At Design Time?

Answer :

Yes.

Question 367. List The Windows Event Triggers Available In Forms 4.0?

Answer :

• When-window-activated,
• when-window-closed,
• when-window-deactivated,
• when-window-resized.

Question 368. What Are The Triggers Associated With The Image Item?

Answer :

• When-Image-activated(Fires when the operator double clicks on an image Items).
• When-image-pressed(fires when the operator selects or deselects the image item).

Question 369. What Is A Visual Attribute?

Answer :

Visual Attributes are the font, color and pattern characteristics of objects that operators see and intract with in our application.

Question 370. How Many Maximum Number Of Radio Buttons Can You Assign To A Radio Group?

Answer :

Unlimited no of radio buttons can be assigned to a radio group.

Question 371. How Do You Pass The Parameters From One Form To Another Form?

Answer :

To pass one or more parameters to a called form, the calling form must perform the following steps in a trigger or user named routine execute the create_parameter_list built-in function to programmatically. Create a parameter list to execute the add parameter built-in procedure to add one or more parameters list. Execute the call_form, New_form or run_product built_in procedure and include the name or id of the parameter list to be passed to the called form.

Question 372. What Is A Layout Editor?

Answer :

The Layout Editor is a graphical design facility for creating and arranging items and boilerplate text and graphics objects in your application's interface.

Question 373. List The Types Of Items?

Answer :

• Text item.
• Chart item.
• Check box.
• Display item.
• Image item.
• List item.
• Radio Group.
• User Area item.

Question 374. List System Variables Available In Forms 4.0, And Not Available In Forms 3.0?

Answer :

• System.cordination_operation
• System Date_threshold
• System.effective_Date
• System.event_window
• System.suppress_working.

Question 375. What Are The Display Styles Of An Alert?

Answer :

Stop, Caution, note.

Question 376. What Built-in Is Used For Showing The Alert During Run-time?

Answer :

Show_alert.

Question 377. What Built-in Is Used For Changing The Properties Of The Window Dynamically?

Answer :

• Set_window_property
• Canvas-View.

Question 378. What Are The Different Types Of Windows?

Answer :

Root window, secondary window.

Question 379. What Is A Predefined Exception Available In Forms 4.0?

Answer :

Raise form_trigger_failure.

Question 380. What Is A Radio Group?

Answer :

Radio groups display a fixed no of options that are mutually Exclusive. User can select one out of n number of options.

Question 381. What Are The Different Type Of A Record Group?

Answer :

• Query record group
• Static record group
• Non query record group.

Question 382. What Are The Menu Items That Oracle Forms 4.0 Supports?

Answer :

Plain, Check,Radio, Separator, Magic.

Question 383. Give The Equivalent Term In Forms 4.0 For The Following. Page, Page 0?

Answer :

• Page - Canvas-View
• Page 0 - Canvas-view null.

Question 384. What Triggers Are Associated With The Radio Group?

Answer :

Only when-radio-changed trigger associated with radio group Visual Attributes.

Question 385. What Are The Triggers Associated With A Check Box?

Answer :

Only When-checkbox-activated Trigger associated with a Check box.

Question 386. Can You Attach An Alert To A Field?

Answer :

No.

Question 387. Can A Root Window Be Made Modal?

Answer :

No.

Question 388. What Is A List Item?

Answer :

It is a list of text elements.

Question 389. List Some Built-in Routines Used To Manipulate Images In Image_item?

Answer :

• Image_add
• Image_and
• Image_subtract
• Image_xor
• Image_zoom.

Question 390. Can You Change The Alert Messages At Run-time?

Answer :

If yes, give the name of the built-in to change the alert messages at run-time. Yes. Set_alert_property.

Question 391. What Is The Built-in Used To Get And Set Lov Properties During Run-time?

Answer :

• Get_lov_property
• Set_lov_property
• Record Group.

Question 392. What Is The Built-in Routine Used To Count The No Of Rows In A Group?

Answer :

• Get_group _row_count
• System Variables.

Question 393. Give The Types Of Modules In A Form?

Answer :

• Form
• Menu
• Library.

Question 394. Write The Abbreviation For The Following File Extension 1. Fmb 2. Mmb 3. Pll?

Answer :

• FMB ----- Form Module Binary.
• MMB ----- Menu Module Binary.
• PLL ------ PL/SQL Library Module Binary.

Question 395. List The Built-in Routine For Controlling Window During Run-time?

Answer :

• Find_window,
• get_window_property,
• hide_window,
• move_window,
• resize_window,
• set_window_property,
• show_View.

Question 396. What Is The Built-in Function Used For Finding The Alert?

Answer :

• Find_alert
• Editors.

Question 397. List The Editors Availables In Forms 4.0?

Answer :

• Default editor
• User_defined editors
• system editors.

Question 398. What Built-in Routines Are Used To Display Editor Dynamically?

Answer :

• Edit_text item
• show_editor
• LOV.

Question 399. Give Built-in Routine Related To A Record Groups?

Answer :

• Create_group (Function)
• Create_group_from_query(Function)
• Delete_group(Procedure)
• Add_group_column(Function)
• Add_group_row(Procedure)
• Delete_group_row(Procedure)
• Populate_group(Function)
• Populate_group_with_query(Function)
• Set_group_Char_cell(procedure).

Question 400. List The Built-in Routines For The Controlling Canvas Views During Run-time?

Answer :

• Find_canvas
• Get-Canvas_property
• Get_view_property
• Hide_View
• Replace_content_view
• Scroll_view
• Set_canvas_property
• Set_view_property
• Show_view
• Alert.

Question 401. What Are The Built_in Used To Trapping Errors In Forms 4?

Answer :

• Error_type return character
• Error_code return number
• Error_text return char
• Dbms_error_code return no.
• Dbms_error_text return char.

Question 402. What Are The Design Facilities Available In Forms 4.0?

Answer :

• Default Block facility.
• Layout Editor.
• Menu Editor.
• Object Lists.
• Property Sheets.
• PL/SQL Editor.
• Tables Columns Browser.
• Built-ins Browser.

Question 403. What Is The Most Important Module In Oracle Financials?

Answer :

The General Ledger (GL) module is the basis for all other Oracle Financial modules. All other modules provide information to it. If you implement Oracle Financials, you should switch your current GL system first.GL is relatively easy to implement. You should go live with it first to give your implementation team a chance to be familiar with Oracle Financials.

Question 404. What Are The Types Of Canvas-views?

Answer :

Content View, Stacked View.

Question 405. What Is The Multiorg And What Is It Used For?

Answer :

MultiOrg or Multiple Organizations Architecture allows multiple operating units and their relationships to be defined within a single installation of Oracle Applications. This keeps each operating unit's transaction data separate and secure.

Use the following query to determine if MuliOrg is intalled:

select multi_org_flag from fnd_product_groups;

Question 406. What Is The Difference Between Fields And Flexfields?

Answer :

A field is a position on a form that one uses to enter, view, update, or delete information. A field prompt describes each field by telling what kind of information appears in the field, or alternatively, what kind of information should be entered in the field.

A flexfield is an Oracle Applications field made up of segments. Each segment has an assigned name and a set of valid values. Oracle Applications uses flexfields to capture information about your organization. There are two types of flexfields: key flexfields and descriptive flexfields.

Question 407. Explain Types Of Block In Forms4.0?

Answer :

Base table Blocks:
A base table block is one that is associated with a specific database table or view.
Control Blocks:
A control block is a block that is not associated with a database table.

Question 408. What Is An Alert?

Answer :

An alert is a modal window that displays a message notifies the operator of some application condition.

Question 409. What Are The Built-in Routines Is Available In Forms 4.0 To Create And Manipulate A Parameter List?

Answer :

• Add_parameter
• Create_Parameter_list
• Delete_parameter
• Destroy_parameter_list
• Get_parameter_attr
• Get_parameter_list
• set_parameter_attr

Question 410. What Is A Navigable Item?

Answer :

A navigable item is one that operators can navigate to with the keyboard during default navigation, or that Oracle forms can navigate to by executing a navigational built-in procedure.

Question 411. What Is A Library In Forms 4.0?

Answer :

A library is a collection of Pl/SQL program units, including user named procedures, functions & packages.

Question 412. How Image_items Can Be Populate To Field In Forms 4.0?

Answer :

A fetch from a long raw database column PL/Sql assignment to executing the read_image_file built_in procedure to get an image from the file system.

Question 413. What Is The Content View And Stacked View?

Answer :

A content view is the "Base" view that occupies the entire content pane of the window in which it is displayed. A stacked view differs from a content canvas view in that it is not the base view for the window to which it is assigned.

Question 414. What Is A Check Box?

Answer :

A Check Box is a two state control that indicates whether a certain condition or value is on or off, true or false. The display state of a check box is always either "checked" or "unchecked".

Question 415. What Is A Canvas-view?

Answer :

A canvas-view is the background object on which you layout the interface items (text-items, check boxes, radio groups, and so on.) and boilerplate objects that operators see and interact with as they run your form. At run-time, operators can see only those items that have been assigned to a specific canvas. Each canvas, in term, must be displayed in a specific window.

Question 416. Explain The Following File Extension Related To Library?

Answer :

.pll,.lib,.pld
The library pll files is a portable design file comparable to an fmb form file
The library lib file is a plat form specific, generated library file comparable to a fmx form file
The pld file is Txt format file and can be used for source controlling your library files Parameter.

Question 417. Explain The Usage Of Where Current Of Clause In Cursors ?

Answer :

WHERE CURRENT OF clause in an UPDATE,DELETE statement refers to the latest row fetched from a cursor. Database Triggers.

Question 418. Name The Tables Where Characteristics Of Package, Procedure And Functions Are Stored ?

Answer :

User_objects, User_Source and User_error.

Question 419. Explain The Two Type Of Cursors ?

Answer :

There are two types of cursors, Implicit Cursor and Explicit Cursor. PL/SQL uses Implicit Cursors for queries. User defined cursors are called Explicit Cursors. They can be declared and used.

Question 420. What Are Two Parts Of Package ?

Answer :

The two parts of package are PACKAGE SPECIFICATION & PACKAGE BODY. Package Specification contains declarations that are global to the packages and local to the schema. Package Body contains actual procedures and local declaration of the procedures and cursor declarations.

Question 421. What Is A Virtual Private Database?

Answer :

Oracle 8i introduced the notion of a Virtual Private Database (VPD). A VPD offers Fine-Grained Access Control (FGAC) for secure separation of data. This ensures that users only have access to data that pertains to them. Using this option, one could even store multiple companies' data within the same schema, without them knowing about it. VPD configuration is done via the DBMS_RLS (Row Level Security) package. Select from SYS.V$VPD_POLICY to see existing VPD configuration.

Question 422. What Is Raise_application_error ?

Answer :

Raise_application_error is a procedure of package DBMS_STANDARD which allows to issue an user_defined error messages from stored sub-program or database trigger.

Question 423. What Is Oracle Label Security?

Answer :

Oracle Label Security (formerly called Trusted Oracle MLS RDBMS) uses the VPD (Virtual Private Database) feature of Oracle8i to implement row level security. Access to rows are restricted according to a user's security sensitivity tag or label. Oracle Label Security is configured, controlled and managed from the Policy Manager, an Enterprise Manager-based GUI utility.

Question 424. Give The Structure Of The Procedure ?

Answer :

PROCEDURE name (parameter list.....)
is
local variable declarations
BEGIN
Executable statements.
Exception.
exception handlers
end;

Question 425. What Is Oem (oracle Enterprise Manager)?

Answer :

OEM is a set of systems management tools provided by Oracle Corporation for managing the Oracle environment. It provides tools to monitor the Oracle environment and automate tasks (both one-time and repetitive in nature) to take database administration a step closer to "Lights Out" management.

Question 426. What Is Pl/sql ?

Answer :

PL/SQL is a procedural language that has both interactive SQL and procedural programming language constructs such as iteration, conditional branching.

Question 427. What Are The Components Of Oem?

Answer :

Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM) has the following components:

• Management Server (OMS): Middle tier server that handles communication with the intelligent agents. The OEM Console connects to the management server to monitor and configure the Oracle enterprise.
• Console: This is a graphical interface from where one can schedule jobs, events, and monitor the database. The console can be opened from a Windows workstation, Unix XTerm (oemapp command) or Web browser session (oem_webstage).
• Intelligent Agent (OIA): The OIA runs on the target database and takes care of the execution of jobs and events scheduled through the Console.

Question 428. What Happens If A Procedure That Updates A Column Of Table X Is Called In A Database Trigger Of The Same Table ?

Answer :

Mutation of table occurs.

Question 429. Is It Possible To Use Transaction Control Statements Such A Rollback Or Commit In Database Trigger?why ?

Answer :

It is not possible. As triggers are defined for each table, if you use COMMIT of ROLLBACK in a trigger, it affects logical transaction processing.

Question 430. What Are The Modes Of Parameters That Can Be Passed To A Procedure ?

Answer :

IN,OUT,IN-OUT parameters.

Question 431. Where The Pre_defined_exceptions Are Stored ?

Answer :

In the standard package.
Procedures, Functions & Packages ;

Question 432. Give The Structure Of The Function ?

Answer :

FUNCTION name (argument list .....) Return datatype is
local variable declarations
Begin
executable statements
Exception
execution handlers
End;

Question 433. Explain How Procedures And Functions Are Called In A Pl/sql Block ?

Answer :

Function is called as part of an expression.
sal := calculate_sal ('a822');
procedure is called as a PL/SQL statement
calculate_bonus ('A822');

Question 434. What Are Advantages Fo Stored Procedures?

Answer :

Extensibility,Modularity, Reusability, Maintainability and one time compilation.

Question 435. What Is An Exception ? What Are Types Of Exception ?

Answer :

Exception is the error handling part of PL/SQL block. The types are Predefined and user defined. Some of Predefined exceptions are.

• CURSOR_ALREADY_OPEN
• DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX
• NO_DATA_FOUND
• TOO_MANY_ROWS
• INVALID_CURSOR
• INVALID_NUMBER
• LOGON_DENIED
• NOT_LOGGED_ON
• PROGRAM-ERROR
• STORAGE_ERROR
• TIMEOUT_ON_RESOURCE
• VALUE_ERROR
• ZERO_DIVIDE
• OTHERS.

Question 436. What Are The Pl/sql Statements Used In Cursor Processing ?

Answer :

DECLARE CURSOR name, OPEN cursor name, FETCH cursor name INTO or Record types, CLOSE cursor name.

Question 437. What Are The Components Of A Pl/sql Block ?

Answer :

PL/SQL Block Contain

• Declaration Section,
• Executable Section,
• Exception Handling Section.

i.e

• DECLARE
• BEGIN
• END;

Question 438. What Is A Database Trigger ? Name Some Usages Of Database Trigger ?

Answer :

Database trigger is stored PL/SQL program unit associated with a specific database table. Usages are Audit data modifications, Log events transparently, Enforce complex business rules Derive column values automatically, Implement complex security authorizations. Maintain replicate tables.

Question 439. What Is A Cursor ? Why Cursor Is Required ?

Answer :

Cursor is a named private SQL area from where information can be accessed. Cursors are required to process rows individually for queries returning multiple rows.

Question 440. What Is A Cursor For Loop ?

Answer :

Cursor for loop implicitly declares %ROWTYPE as loop index, opens a cursor, fetches rows of values from active set into fields in the record and closes when all the records have been processed.
e.g.. FOR emp_rec IN C1 LOOP
salary_total := salary_total +emp_rec sal;
END LOOP;

Question 441. What Will Happen After Commit Statement ?

Answer :

Cursor C1 is
Select empno,
ename from emp;
Begin
open C1; loop
Fetch C1 into
eno.ename;
Exit When
C1 %notfound;
commit;
end loop;
end;

The cursor having query as SELECT .... FOR UPDATE gets closed after COMMIT/ROLLBACK.
The cursor having query as SELECT.... does not get closed even after COMMIT/ROLLBACK.

Question 442. How Packaged Procedures And Functions Are Called From The Following?
A. Stored Procedure Or Anonymous Block
B. An Application Program Such A Prc *c, Pro* Cobol
C. Sql *plus??

Answer :

a. PACKAGE NAME.PROCEDURE NAME (parameters);
variable := PACKAGE NAME.FUNCTION NAME (arguments);
EXEC SQL EXECUTE
b.BEGIN
PACKAGE NAME.PROCEDURE NAME (parameters)
variable := PACKAGE NAME.FUNCTION NAME (arguments);
END;
END EXEC;
c. EXECUTE PACKAGE NAME.PROCEDURE if the procedures does not have any out/in-out parameters. A function can not be called.

Question 443. What Is A Stored Procedure ?

Answer :

A stored procedure is a sequence of statements that perform specific function.

Question 444. What Is Difference Between A Procedure & Function ?

Answer :

A FUNCTION is always returns a value using the return statement.

A PROCEDURE may return one or more values through parameters or may not return at all.

Question 445. What Is Difference Between A Cursor Declared In A Procedure And Cursor Declared In A Package Specification ?

Answer :

A cursor declared in a package specification is global and can be accessed by other procedures or procedures in a package.

A cursor declared in a procedure is local to the procedure that can not be accessed by other procedures.

Question 446. What Are The Cursor Attributes Used In Pl/sql ?

Answer :

• %ISOPEN - to check whether cursor is open or not.
• % ROWCOUNT - number of rows fetched/updated/deleted.
• % FOUND - to check whether cursor has fetched any row. True if rows are fetched.
• % NOT FOUND - to check whether cursor has fetched any row. True if no rows are featched.

These attributes are proceeded with SQL for Implicit Cursors and with Cursor name for Explicit Cursors.

Question 447. What Are % Type And % Rowtype ? What Are The Advantages Of Using These Over Datatypes?

Answer :

% TYPE provides the data type of a variable or a database column to that variable.
% ROWTYPE provides the record type that represents a entire row of a table or view or columns selected in the cursor.

The advantages are :

• Need not know about variable's data type
• If the database definition of a column in a table changes, the data type of a variable changes accordingly.

Question 448. What Are The Different Types Of Pl/sql Program Units That Can Be Defined And Stored In Oracle Database ?

Answer :

Procedures and Functions,Packages and Database Triggers.

Question 449. What Are The Advantages Of Having A Package ?

Answer :

Increased functionality (for example,global package variables can be declared and used by any proecdure in the package) and performance (for example all objects of the package are parsed compiled, and loaded into memory once).

Question 450. What Are The Uses Of Database Trigger ?

Answer :

Database triggers can be used to automatic data generation, audit data modifications, enforce complex Integrity constraints, and customize complex security authorizations.

Question 451. What Is A Procedure ?

Answer :

A Procedure consist of a set of SQL and PL/SQL statements that are grouped together as a unit to solve a specific problem or perform a set of related tasks.

Question 452. What Is A Package ?

Answer :

A Package is a collection of related procedures, functions, variables and other package constructs together as a unit in the database.

Question 453. What Is Difference Between Procedures And Functions ?

Answer :

A Function returns a value to the caller where as a Procedure does not.

Question 454. What Is Database Trigger ?

Answer :

A Database Trigger is procedure (set of SQL and PL/SQL statements) that is automatically executed as a result of an insert in, update to, or delete from a table.

Question 455. Can The Default Values Be Assigned To Actual Parameters?

Answer :

Yes.

Question 456. Can A Primary Key Contain More Than One Columns?

Answer :

Yes.

Question 457. What Is An Utl_file.what Are Different Procedures And Functions Associated With It?

Answer :

UTL_FILE is a package that adds the ability to read and write to operating system files. Procedures associated with it are FCLOSE, FCLOSE_ALL and 5 procedures to output data to a file PUT, PUT_LINE, NEW_LINE, PUTF, FFLUSH.PUT, FFLUSH.PUT_LINE,FFLUSH.NEW_LINE. Functions associated with it are FOPEN, ISOPEN.

Question 458. What Are Oracle Precompilers?

Answer :

Using ORACLE PRECOMPILERS, SQL statements and PL/SQL blocks can be contained inside 3GL programs written in C,C++,COBOL,PASCAL, FORTRAN,PL/1 AND ADA. The Precompilers are known as Pro*C,Pro*Cobol,... This form of PL/SQL is known as embedded pl/sql,the language in which pl/sql is embedded is known as the host language. The prcompiler translates the embedded SQL and pl/sql statements into calls to the precompiler runtime library. The output must be compiled and linked with this library to creator an executable.

Question 459. What Is Difference Between A Formal And An Actual Parameter?

Answer :

The variables declared in the procedure and which are passed, as arguments are called actual, the parameters in the procedure declaration. Actual parameters contain the values that are passed to a procedure and receive results. Formal parameters are the placeholders for the values of actual parameters.

Question 460. What Should Be The Return Type For A Cursor Variable. Can We Use A Scalar Data Type As Return Type?

Answer :

The return type for a cursor must be a record type.It can be declared explicitly as a user-defined or %ROWTYPE can be used. eg TYPE t_studentsref IS REF CURSOR RETURN students%ROWTYPE.

Question 461. What Are Different Oracle Database Objects?

Answer :

• TABLES
• VIEWS
• INDEXES
• SYNONYMS
• SEQUENCES
• TABLESPACES etc

Question 462. What Is Difference Between Substr And Instr?

Answer :

SUBSTR returns a specified portion of a string eg SUBSTR('BCDEF',4) output BCDE INSTR provides character position in which a pattern is found in a string. eg INSTR('ABC-DC-F','-',2) output 7 (2nd occurence of '-')

Question 463. What Is Difference Between Sql And Sql*plus?

Answer :

SQL*PLUS is a command line tool where as SQL and PL/SQL language interface and reporting tool. Its a command line tool that allows user to type SQL commands to be executed directly against an Oracle database. SQL is a language used to query the relational database(DML,DCL,DDL). SQL*PLUS commands are used to format query result, Set options, Edit SQL commands and PL/SQL.

Question 464. What Are Various Joins Used While Writing Subqueries?

Answer :

• Self join-Its a join foreign key of a table references the same table.
• Outer Join--Its a join condition used where One can query all the rows of one of the tables in the join condition even though they don't satisfy the join condition.
• Equi-join-Its a join condition that retrieves rows from one or more tables in which one or more columns in one table are equal to one or more columns in the second table.

Question 465. What A Select For Update Cursor Represent?

Answer :

SELECT......FROM......FOR......UPDATE[OF column-reference][NOWAIT].

The processing done in a fetch loop modifies the rows that have been retrieved by the cursor. A convenient way of modifying the rows is done by a method with two parts: the FOR UPDATE clause in the cursor declaration, WHERE CURRENT OF CLAUSE in an UPDATE or declaration statement.

Question 466. What Are Various Privileges That A User Can Grant To Another User?

Answer :

• SELECT
• CONNECT
• RESOURCES

Question 467. Display The Records Between Two Range?

Answer :

select rownum, empno, ename from emp where rowid in (select rowid from emp where rownum <=&upto minus select rowid from emp where rownum<&Start);

Question 468. What Is Difference Between Rename And Alias?

Answer :

Rename is a permanent name given to a table or column whereas Alias is a temporary name given to a table or column which do not exist once the SQL statement is executed.

Question 469. What Is The Difference Between An Implicit & An Explicit Cursor?

Answer :

only one row. However,queries that return more than one row you must declare an explicit cursor or use a cursor FOR loop. Explicit cursor is a cursor in which the cursor name is explicitly assigned to a SELECT statement via the CURSOR...IS statement. An implicit cursor is used for all SQL statements Declare, Open, Fetch, Close. An explicit cursors are used to process multirow SELECT statements An implicit cursor is used to process INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE and single row SELECT. .INTO statements.

Question 470. What Is A Outer Join?

Answer :

Outer Join:  Its a join condition used where you can query all the rows of one of the tables in the join condition even though they don’t satisfy the join condition.

Question 471. What Is A Cursor?

Answer :

Oracle uses work area to execute SQL statements and store processing information PL/SQL construct called a cursor lets you name a work area and access its stored information A cursor is a mechanism used to fetch more than one row in a Pl/SQl block.

Question 472. What Is The Purpose Of A Cluster?

Answer :

Oracle does not allow a user to specifically locate tables, since that is a part of the function of the RDBMS. However, for the purpose of increasing performance, oracle allows a developer to create a CLUSTER. A CLUSTER provides a means for storing data from different tables together for faster retrieval than if the table placement were left to the RDBMS.

Question 473. What Is Oci. What Are Its Uses?

Answer :

Oracle Call Interface is a method of accesing database from a 3GL program. Uses No precompiler is required,PL/SQL blocks are executed like other DML statements.  The OCI library provides

• functions to parse SQL statemets
• bind input variables
• bind output variables
• execute statements
• fetch the results

Question 474. How You Open And Close A Cursor Variable. Why It Is Required?

Answer :

OPEN cursor variable FOR SELECT...Statement
CLOSE cursor variable In order to associate a cursor variable with a particular SELECT statement OPEN syntax is used. In order to free the resources used for the query CLOSE statement is used.

Question 475. Display Odd/ Even Number Of Records?

Answer :

Odd number of records:
select * from emp where (rowid,1) in (select rowid, mod(rownum,2) from emp);
Output:-
1
3
5
Even number of records:
select * from emp where (rowid,0) in (select rowid, mod(rownum,2) from emp)
Output:-
2
4
6

Question 476. What Are Various Constraints Used In Sql?

Answer :

• NULL
• NOT NULL
• CHECK
• DEFAULT

Question 477. Can Cursor Variables Be Stored In Pl/sql Tables. If Yes How. If Not Why?

Answer :

No, a cursor variable points a row which cannot be stored in a two-dimensional PL/SQL table.

Question 478. What Is The Difference Between No Data Found And %notfound?

Answer :

NO DATA FOUND is an exception raised only for the SELECT....INTO statements when the where clause of the querydoes not match any rows. When the where clause of the explicit cursor does not match any rows the %NOTFOUND attribute is set to TRUE instead.

Question 479. Can You Use A Commit Statement Within A Database Trigger?

Answer :

No.

Question 480. What Where Current Of Clause Does In A Cursor?

Answer :

LOOP
SELECT num_credits INTO v_numcredits FROM classes
WHERE dept=123 and course=101;
UPDATE students
SET current_credits=current_credits+v_numcredits
WHERE CURRENT OF X;

Question 481. There Is A String 120000 12 0 .125 , How You Will Find The Position Of The Decimal Place?

Answer :

INSTR('120000 12 0 .125',1,'.')
output 13

Question 482. What Are Different Modes Of Parameters Used In Functions And Procedures?

Answer :

• IN
• OUT
• INOUT

Question 483. How You Were Passing Cursor Variables In Pl/sql 2.2?

Answer :

In PL/SQL 2.2 cursor variables cannot be declared in a package.This is because the storage for a cursor variable has to be allocated using Pro*C or OCI with version 2.2, the only means of passing a cursor variable to a PL/SQL block is via bind variable or a procedure parameter.

Question 484. When Do You Use Where Clause And When Do You Use Having Clause?

Answer :

HAVING clause is used when you want to specify a condition for a group function and it is written after GROUP BY clause. The WHERE clause is used when you want to specify a condition for columns, single row functions except group functions and it is written before GROUP BY clause if it is used.

Question 485. What Is The Difference Between Procedure And Function?

Answer :

Functions are named PL/SQL blocks that return a value and can be called with arguments procedure a named block that can be called with parameter.

A procedure all is a PL/SQL statement by itself, while a Function call is called as part of an expression.

Question 486. Which Is More Faster - In Or Exists?

Answer :

EXISTS is more faster than IN because EXISTS returns a Boolean value whereas IN returns a value.

Question 487. What Is Syntax For Dropping A Procedure And A Function .are These Operations Possible?

Answer :

• Drop Procedure procedure_name.
• Drop Function function_name.

Question 488. How Will You Delete Duplicating Rows From A Base Table?

Answer :

delete from table_name where rowid not in (select max(rowid) from table group by duplicate_values _field_name); or delete duplicate_values_field_name dv from table_name ta where rowid <(select min(rowid) from table_name tb where ta.dv=tb.dv);

Question 489. What Is The Difference Between Database Triggers And Form Triggers?

Answer :

• Data base trigger(DBT) fires when a DML operation is performed on a data base table. Form trigger(FT) Fires when user presses a key or navigates between fields on the screen.
• Can be row level or statement level No distinction between row level and statement level.
• Can manipulate data stored in Oracle tables via SQL Can manipulate data in Oracle tables as well as variables in forms.
• Can be fired from any session executing the triggering DML statements. Can be fired only from the form that define the trigger.
• Can cause other database triggers to fire. Can cause other database triggers to fire, but not other form triggers.

Question 490. What Is A Cursor For Loop?

Answer :

Cursor For Loop is a loop where oracle implicitly declares a loop variable, the loop index that of the same record type as the cursor's record.

Question 491. How You Will Avoid Duplicating Records In A Query?

Answer :

By using DISTINCT.

Question 492. What Is Difference Between Unique And Primary Key Constraints?

Answer :

A table can have only one PRIMARY KEY whereas there can be any number of UNIQUE keys. The columns that compose PK are automatically define NOT NULL, whereas a column that compose a UNIQUE is not automatically defined to be mandatory must also specify the column is NOT NULL.

Question 493. What Is Use Of A Cursor Variable? How It Is Defined?

Answer :

A cursor variable is associated with different statements at run time, which can hold different values at run time. Static cursors can only be associated with one run time query. A cursor variable is reference type (like a pointer in C).

Declaring a cursor variable:
TYPE type_name IS REF CURSOR RETURN return_type type_name is the name of the reference type,return_type is a record type indicating the types of the select list that will eventually be returned by the cursor variable.

Question 494. What Is The Maximum Buffer Size That Can Be Specified Using The Dbms_output.enable Function?

Answer :

1,000,00.

Question 495. What Are Cursor Attributes?

Answer :

• %ROWCOUNT
• %NOTFOUND
• %FOUND
• %ISOPEN

Question 496. There Is A % Sign In One Field Of A Column. What Will Be The Query To Find It?

Answer :

Should be used before '%'.

Question 497. What Is On Delete Cascade ?

Answer :

When ON DELETE CASCADE is specified ORACLE maintains referential integrity by automatically removing dependent foreign key values if a referenced primary or unique key value is removed.

Question 498. What Is The Fastest Way Of Accessing A Row In A Table ?

Answer :

Using ROWID.CONSTRAINTS.

Question 499. What Is Difference Between Truncate & Delete ?

Answer :

TRUNCATE commits after deleting entire table i.e., can not be rolled back. Database triggers do not fire on TRUNCATEDELETE allows the filtered deletion. Deleted records can be rolled back or committed. Database triggers fire on DELETE.

Question 500. What Is A Transaction ?

Answer :

Transaction is logical unit between two commits and commit and rollback.

Question 501. What Are The Advantages Of View ?

Answer :

• To protect some of the columns of a table from other users.
• To hide complexity of a query.
• To hide complexity of calculations.

Question 502. How Will You Activate/deactivate Integrity Constraints ?

Answer :

The integrity constraints can be enabled or disabled by ALTER TABLE ENABLE constraint/DISABLE constraint.

Question 503. Where The Integrity Constraints Are Stored In Data Dictionary ?

Answer :

The integrity constraints are stored in USER_CONSTRAINTS.

Question 504. What Is The Subquery ?

Answer :

Sub query is a query whose return values are used in filtering conditions of the main query.

Question 505. How To Access The Current Value And Next Value From A Sequence ? Is It Possible To Access The Current Value In A Session Before Accessing Next Value ?

Answer :

Sequence name CURRVAL, Sequence name NEXTVAL.It is not possible. Only if you access next value in the session, current value can be accessed.

Question 506. What Are The Usage Of Savepoints ?value In A Session Before Accessing Next Value ?

Answer :

SAVEPOINTS are used to subdivide a transaction into smaller parts. It enables rolling back part of a transaction. Maximum of five save points are allowed.

Question 507. What Is A Rowid In A Session Before Accessing The Next Value ?

Answer :

ROWID is a pseudo column attached to each row of a table. It is 18 character long, blockno, rownumber are the components of ROWID.

Question 508. Explain Connect By Prior ?in A Session Before Accessing Next Value ?

Answer :

Retrieves rows in hierarchical order.e.g. select empno, ename from emp where.

Question 509. How Many Long Columns Are Allowed In A Table ? Is It Possible To Use Long Columns In Where Clause Or Order By ?

Answer :

Only one LONG column is allowed. It is not possible to use LONG column in WHERE or ORDER BY clause.

Question 510. What Is Referential Integrity ?

Answer :

Maintaining data integrity through a set of rules that restrict the values of one or more columns of the tables based on the values of primary key or unique key of the referenced table.

Question 511. What Is A Join ? Explain The Different Types Of Joins ?

Answer :

Join is a query which retrieves related columns or rows from multiple tables.

• Self Join - Joining the table with itself.
• Equi Join - Joining two tables by equating two common columns.
• Non-Equi Join - Joining two tables by equating two common columns.
• Outer Join - Joining two tables in such a way that query can also retrieve rows that do not have corresponding join value in the other table.

Question 512. If An Unique Key Constraint On Date Column Is Created, Will It Validate The Rows That Are Inserted With Sysdate ?

Answer :

It won't, Because SYSDATE format contains time attached with it.

Question 513. What Is An Integrity Constraint ?

Answer :

Integrity constraint is a rule that restricts values to a column in a table.

Question 514. How Does One Create A Repository?

Answer :

For OEM v2 and above, start the Oracle Enterprise Manager Configuration Assistant (emca on Unix) to create and configure the management server and repository. Remember to setup a backup for the repository database after creating it.

Question 515. What Is A Database Link ?

Answer :

Database Link is a named path through which a remote database can be accessed.

Question 516. What Is Cycle/no Cycle In A Sequence ?

Answer :

CYCLE specifies that the sequence continues to generate values after reaching either maximum or minimum value. After pan ascending sequence reaches its maximum value, it generates its minimum value. After a descending sequence reaches its minimum, it generates its maximum.NO CYCLE specifies that the sequence cannot generate more values after reaching its maximum or minimum value.

Question 517. What Is Correlated Sub-query ?

Answer :

Correlated sub query is a sub query which has reference to the main query.

Question 518. What Are The Data Types Allowed In A Table ?

Answer :

CHAR,VARCHAR2,NUMBER,DATE,RAW,LONG and LONG RAW.

Question 519. What Is Difference Between Char And Varchar2 ? What Is The Maximum Size Allowed For Each Type ?

Answer :

CHAR pads blank spaces to the maximum length. VARCHAR2 does not pad blank spaces. For CHAR it is 255 and 2000 for VARCHAR2.

Question 520. Can A View Be Updated/inserted/deleted? If Yes Under What Conditions ?

Answer :

A View can be updated/deleted/inserted if it has only one base table if the view is based on columns from one or more tables then insert, update and delete is not possible.

Question 521. What Are The Different Types Of Coordinations Of The Master With The Detail Block?

Answer :

• POPULATE_GROUP(function)
• POPULATE_GROUP_WITH_QUERY(function)
• SET_GROUP_CHAR_CELL(procedure)
• SET_GROUPCELL(procedure)
• SET_GROUP_NUMBER_CELL(procedure)

Question 522. Find Out Nth Highest Salary From Emp Table?

Answer :

SELECT DISTINCT (a.sal) FROM EMP A WHERE &N = (SELECT COUNT (DISTINCT (b.sal)) FROM EMP B WHERE a.sal<=b.sal);
For E.g.:-
Enter value for n: 2
SAL
---------
3700

Question 523. Suppose A Customer Table Is Having Different Columns Like Customer No, Payments. What Will Be The Query To Select Top Three Max Payments?

Answer :

SELECT customer_no, payments from customer C1
WHERE 3<=(SELECT COUNT(*) from customer C2
WHERE C1.payment <= C2.payment)

Question 524. What Utility Is Used To Create A Physical Backup?

Answer :

Either rman or alter tablespace begin backup will do.

Question 525. How Many Types Of Sql Statements Are There In Oracle?

Answer :

There are basically 6 types of sql statments.They are

• Data Definition Language(DDL) :: The DDL statements define and maintain objects and drop objects.
• Data Manipulation Language(DML) :: The DML statements manipulate database data.
• Transaction Control Statements :: Manage change by DML
• Session Control :: Used to control the properties of current session enabling and disabling roles and changing .e.g. :: Alter Statements, Set Role
• System Control Statements :: Change Properties of Oracle Instance .e.g.:: Alter System
• Embedded Sql :: Incorporate DDL, DML and T.C.S in Programming Language.e.g:: Using the Sql Statements in languages such as 'C', Open, Fetch, execute and close

Question 526. What Is A Transaction In Oracle ?

Answer :

A transaction is a Logical unit of work that compromises one or more SQL Statements executed by a single User. According to ANSI, a transaction begins with first executable statement and ends when it is explicitly committed or rolled back.

Question 527. What Are Procedure, Functions And Packages ?

Answer :

Procedures and functions consist of set of PL/SQL statements that are grouped together as a unit to solve a specific problem or perform set of related tasks. Procedures do not Return values while Functions return one.

One Value Packages :: Packages Provide a method of encapsulating and storing related procedures, functions, variables and other Package Contents

Question 528. How Many Integrity Rules Are There And What Are They?

Answer :

There are Three Integrity Rules. They are as follows ::

• Entity Integrity Rule :: The Entity Integrity Rule enforces that the Primary key cannot be Null
• Foreign Key Integrity Rule :: The FKIR denotes that the relationship between the foreign key and the primary key has to be enforced.When there is data in Child Tables the Master tables cannot be deleted.
• Business Integrity Rules :: The Third Intigrity rule is about the complex business processes which cannot be implemented by the above 2 rules.

Question 529. What Are The Various Master And Detail Relation Ships?

Answer :

The various Master and Detail Relationship are

• NonIsolated :: The Master cannot be deleted when a child is exisiting
• Isolated :: The Master can be deleted when the child is exisiting
• Cascading :: The child gets deleted when the Master is deleted.

Question 530. What Are The Various Block Coordination Properties?

Answer :

The various Block Coordination Properties are

• Immediate Default Setting. The Detail records are shown when the Master Record are shown.
• Deffered with Auto Query Oracle Forms defer fetching the detail records until the operator navigates to the detail block.
• Deffered with No Auto Query The operator must navigate to the detail block and explicitly execute a query.

Question 531. What Are Snap Shots And Views?

Answer :

Snapshots are mirror or replicas of tables. Views are built using the columns from one or more tables. The Single Table View can be updated but the view with multi table cannot be updated.

Question 532. What Are The Oops Concepts In Oracle?

Answer :

Oracle does implement the OOPS concepts. The best example is the Property Classes. We can categorize the properties by setting the visual attributes and then attach the property classes for the objects. OOPS supports the concepts of objects and classes and we can consider the property classes as classes and the items as objects.

Question 533. What Is The Difference Between Candidate Key, Unique Key And Primary Key?

Answer :

Candidate keys are the columns in the table that could be the primary keys and the primary key is the key that has been selected to identify the rows. Unique key is also useful for identifying the distinct rows in the table.

Question 534. What Is Concurrency?

Answer :

Concurrency is allowing simultaneous access of same data by different users. Locks useful for accesing the database are

• Exclusive: The exclusive lock is useful for locking the row when an insert,update or delete is being done.This lock should not be applied when we do only select from the row.
• Share lock:  We can do the table as Share_Lock as many share_locks can be put on the same resource.

Question 535. What Are Previleges And Grants?

Answer :

Previleges are the right to execute a particulare type of SQL statements.

e.g :: Right to Connect, Right to create, Right to resource Grants are given to the objects so that the object might be accessed accordingly.

The grant has to be given by the owner of the object.

Question 536. Physical Storage Of The Data?

Answer :

The finest level of granularity of the data base are the data blocks.
Data Block :: One Data Block correspond to specific number of physical database space.
Extent :: Extent is the number of specific number of contigious data blocks.
Segments :: Set of Extents allocated for Extents. There are three types of Segments
a) Data Segment :: Non Clustered Table has data segment data of every table is stored in cluster data segment.
b) Index Segment :: Each Index has index segment that stores data.
c) Roll Back Segment :: Temporarily store 'undo' information

Question 537. What Are The Pct Free And Pct Used?

Answer :

Pct Free is used to denote the percentage of the free space that is to be left when creating a table. Similarly Pct Used is used to denote the percentage of the used space that is to be used when creating a table
eg.:: Pctfree 20, Pctused 40

Question 538. What Is Row Chaining?

Answer :

The data of a row in a table may not be able to fit the same data block.Data for row is stored in a chain of data blocks .

Question 539. What Is A 2 Phase Commit?

Answer :

Two Phase commit is used in distributed data base systems. This is useful to maintain the integrity of the database so that all the users see the same values. It contains DML statements or Remote Procedural calls that reference a remote object. There are basically 2 phases in a 2 phase commit.

• Prepare Phase :: Global coordinator asks participants to prepare
• Commit Phase :: Commit all participants to coordinator to Prepared, Read only or abort Reply

Question 540. What Is The Difference Between Deleting And Truncating Of Tables?

Answer :

Deleting a table will not remove the rows from the table but entry is there in the database dictionary and it can be retrieved But truncating a table deletes it completely and it cannot be retrieved.

Question 541. What Are Mutating Tables?

Answer :

When a table is in state of transition it is said to be mutating.

eg :: If a row has been deleted then the table is said to be mutating and no operations can be done on the table except select.

Question 542. What Are Codd Rules?

Answer :

Codd Rules describe the ideal nature of a RDBMS. No RDBMS satisfies all the 12 codd rules and Oracle Satisfies 11 of the 12 rules and is the only Rdbms to satisfy the maximum number of rules.

Question 543. What Is Normalisation?

Answer :

Normalisation is the process of organising the tables to remove the redundancy.There are mainly 5 Normalisation rules.

• 1 Normal Form :: A table is said to be in 1st Normal Form when the attributes are atomic.
• 2 Normal Form :: A table is said to be in 2nd Normal Form when all the candidate keys are dependant on the primary key.
• 3rd Normal Form :: A table is said to be third Normal form when it is not dependant transitively.

Question 544. What Is The Difference Between A Post Query And A Pre Query?

Answer :

A post query will fire for every row that is fetched but the pre query will fire only once.

Question 545. Can We Delete The Duplicate Rows In The Table?

Answer :

Yes. We can delete the duplicate rows in the table by using the Rowid.

Question 546. Can U Disable Database Trigger? How?

Answer :

Yes. With respect to table
ALTER TABLE TABLE
[[ DISABLE all_trigger ]]

Question 547. What Is Pseudo Columns ? Name Them?

Answer :

A pseudocolumn behaves like a table column, but is not actually stored in the table. You can select from pseudocolumns, but you cannot insert, update, or delete their values. This section describes these pseudocolumns:

• CURRVAL
• NEXTVAL
• LEVEL
• ROWID
• ROWNUM

Question 548. How Many Columns Can Table Have?

Answer :

The number of columns in a table can range from 1 to 254.

Question 549. Is Space Acquired In Blocks Or Extents ?

Answer :

In extents .

Question 550. What Is Clustered Index?

Answer :

In an indexed cluster, rows are stored together based on their cluster key values . Can not applied for HASH.

Question 551. What Are The Datatypes Supported By Oracle (internal)?

Answer :

Varchar2, Number,Char , MLSLABEL.

Question 552. What Are Attributes Of Cursor?

Answer :

%FOUND , %NOTFOUND , %ISOPEN,%ROWCOUNT

Question 553. Can You Use Select In From Clause Of Sql Select ?

Answer :

Yes.

Question 554. Which Triggers Are Created When Master -detail Relay?

Answer :

master delete property

• NON-ISOLATED (default)

1. on check delete master
2. on clear details
3. on populate details

• ISOLATED

1. on clear details
2. on populate details

• CASCADE

1. per-delete
2. on clear details
3. on populate details

Question 555. Which System Variables Can Be Set By Users?

Answer :

• SYSTEM.MESSAGE_LEVEL
• SYSTEM.DATE_THRESHOLD
• SYSTEM.EFFECTIVE_DATE
• SYSTEM.SUPPRESS_WORKING

Question 556. What Are Object Groups?

Answer :

An object group is a container for a group of objects. You define an object group when you want to package related objects so you can copy or reference them in another module.

Question 557. What Are Referenced Objects?

Answer :

Referencing allows you to create objects that inherit their functionality and appearance from other objects. Referencing an object is similar to copying an object, except that the resulting reference object maintains a link to its source object. A reference object automatically inherits any changes that have been made to the source object when you open or regenerate the module that contains the reference object.

Question 558. Is Forms 4.5 Object Oriented Tool ? Why?

Answer :

yes , partially.

1. PROPERTY CLASS - inheritance property
2. OVERLOADING : procedures and functions.

Question 559. What Is Secure Property?

Answer :

Hides characters that the operator types into the text item. This setting is typically used for password protection.

Question 560. Can You Store Pictures In Database? How?

Answer :

Yes , in long Raw datatype.

Question 561. What Are Property Classes ? Can Property Classes Have Trigger?

Answer :

Property class inheritance is a powerful feature that allows you to quickly define objects that conform to your own interface and functionality standards. Property classes also allow you to make global changes to applications quickly. By simply changing the definition of a property class, you can change the definition of all objects that inherit properties from that class.
Yes . All type of triggers .

Question 562. If You Have Property Class Attached To An Item And You Have Same Trigger Written For The Item . Which Will Fire First?

Answer :

Item level trigger fires , If item level trigger fires, property level trigger won't fire. Triggers at the lowest level are always given the first preference. The item level trigger fires first and then the block and then the Form level trigger.

Question 563. What Are Alerts?

Answer :

An ALERT is a modal window that displays a message notifying operator of some application condition.

Question 564. Can A Button Have Icon And Label At The Same Time?

Answer :

NO.

Question 565. What Is Mouse Navigate Property Of Button?

Answer :

When Mouse Navigate is True (the default), Oracle Forms performs standard navigation to move the focus to the item when the operator activates the item with the mouse. When Mouse Navigate is set to False, Oracle Forms does not perform navigation (and the resulting validation) to move to the item when an operator activates the item with the mouse.

Question 566. What Is Forms_mdi_window?

Answer :

forms run inside the MDI application window. This property is useful for calling a form from another one.

Question 567. What Are Timers ? When When-timer-expired Does Not Fire?

Answer :

The When-Timer-Expired trigger can not fire during trigger, navigation, or transaction processing.

Question 568. Can Object Group Have A Block?

Answer :

Yes , object group can have block as well as program units.

Question 569. How Many Types Of Canvases Are There?

Answer :

There are 2 types of canvases called as Content and Stack Canvas. Content canvas is the default and the one that is used mostly for giving the base effect. Its like a plate on which we add items and stacked canvas is used for giving 3 dimensional effect.

Question 570. What Are User-exits?

Answer :

A user exit is a C subroutine written by you and called by Oracle Forms to do special-purpose processing. You can embed SQL statements and PL/SQL blocks in your user exit, then precompile it as you would a host program.

When called by an Oracle Forms V3 trigger, the user exit runs, then returns a status code to Oracle Forms. Your exit can display messages on the Oracle Forms status line, get and set field values, do high-speed computations and table lookups, and manipulate Oracle data.

Question 571. Can You Pass Values To-and-fro From Foreign Function? How?

Answer :

Yes . You obtain a return value from a foreign function by assigning the return value to an Oracle Forms variable or item. Make sure that the Oracle Forms variable or item is the same data type as the return value from the foreign function.

After assigning an Oracle Forms variable or item value to a PL/SQL variable, pass the PL/SQL variable as a parameter value in the PL/SQL interface of the foreign function. The PL/SQL variable that is passed as a parameter must be a valid PL/SQL data type; it must also be the appropriate parameter type as defined in the PL/SQL interface.

Question 572. What Is Iapxtb Structure ?

Answer :

The entries of Pro * C and user exits and the form which simulate the proc or user_exit are stored in IAPXTB table in d/b.

Question 573. Can You Call Win-sdk Through User Exits?

Answer :

YES.

Question 574. Does User Exits Supports Dll On Mswindows?

Answer :

YES.

Question 575. How Is Mapping Of Name Of Dll And Function Done?

Answer :

The dll can be created using the Visual C++ / Visual Basic Tools and then the dll is put in the path that is defined the registry.

Question 576. What Is Path Setting For Dll?

Answer :

Make sure you include the name of the DLL in the FORMS45_USEREXIT variable of the ORACLE. INI file, or rename the DLL to F45XTB.DLL. If you rename the DLL to F45XTB.DLL, replace the existing F45XTB. DLL in the ORAWINBIN directory with the new F45XTB.DLL.

Question 577. What Is Precompiler?

Answer :

It is similar to C precompiler directives.

Question 578. Can You Connect To Non - Oracle Datasource?

Answer :

Yes.

Question 579. What Are Savepoint Mode And Cursor Mode Properties? Level?

Answer :

Specifies whether Oracle Forms should issue savepoints during a session. This property is included primarily for applications that will run against non-ORACLE data sources. For applications that will run against ORACLE, use the default setting. Cursor mode - define cursor state across transaction Open/close.

Question 580. What Is Transactional Trigger Property?

Answer :

Identifies a block as transactional control block. i.e. non - database block that oracle forms should manage as transactional block.(NON-ORACLE datasource) default - FALSE.

Question 581. What Is Ole Automation?

Answer :

OLE automation allows an OLE server application to expose a set of commands and functions that can be invoked from an OLE container application. OLE automation provides a way for an OLE container application to use the features of an OLE server application to manipulate an OLE object from the OLE container environment. (FORMS_OLE).

Question 582. What Does Invoke Built-in Do?

Answer :

This procedure invokes a method.

Syntax:

PROCEDURE OLE2.INVOKE
(object obj_type,
method VARCHAR2,
list list_type := 0);

Parameters:

• object Is an OLE2 Automation Object.
• method Is a method (procedure) of the OLE2 object.
• list Is the name of an argument list assigned to the OLE2.CREATE_ARGLIST function.

Question 583. What Is Call Form Stack?

Answer :

When successive forms are loaded via the CALL_FORM procedure, the resulting module hierarchy is known as the call form stack.

Question 584. Can U Port Applictions Across The Platforms? How?

Answer :

Yes we can port applications across platforms. Consider the form developed in a windows system. The form would be generated in unix system by using f45gen my_form.fmb scott/tiger.

Question 585. Which Trigger Related To Mouse?

Answer :

When-Mouse-Click.
When-Mouse-DoubleClick.
When-Mouse-Down.
When-Mouse-Enter.
When-Mouse-Leave.
When-Mouse-Move.
When-Mouse-Up.

Question 586. What Is Current Record Attribute Property?

Answer :

Specifies the named visual attribute used when an item is part of the current record. Current Record Attribute is frequently used at the block level to display the current row in a multi-record If you define an item-level Current Record Attribute, you can display a pre-determined item in a special color when it is part of the current record, but you cannot dynamically highlight the current item, as the input focus changes.

Question 587. Can U Change Vat At Run Time?

Answer :

Yes. You can programmatically change an object's named visual attribute setting to change the font, color, and pattern of the object at runtime.

Question 588. Can U Set Default Font In Forms?

Answer :

Yes. Change windows registry(regedit). Set form45_font to the desired font.

_break

Question 589. What Is Log Switch ?

Answer :

The point at which ORACLE ends writing to one online redo log file and begins writing to another is called a log switch.

Question 590. What Is On-line Redo Log?

Answer :

The On-line Redo Log is a set of two or more on-line redo files that record all committed changes made to the database. Whenever a transaction is committed, the corresponding redo entries temporarily stores in redo log buffers of the SGA are written to an on-line redo log file by the background process LGWR. The on-line redo log files are used in cyclical fashion.

Question 591. Which Parameter Specified In The Default Storage Clause Of Create Tablespace Cannot Be Altered After Creating The Tablespace?

Answer :

All the default storage parameters defined for the tablespace can be changed using the ALTER TABLESPACE command. When objects are created their INITIAL and MINEXTENS values cannot be changed.

Question 592. What Are The Steps Involved In Database Startup?

Answer :

Start an instance, Mount the Database and Open the Database.

Rolling forward to recover data that has not been recorded in data files, yet has been recorded in the on-line redo log, including the contents of rollback segments. Rolling back transactions that have been explicitly rolled back or have not been committed as indicated by the rollback segments regenerated in step a. Releasing any resources (locks) held by transactions in process at the time of the failure. Resolving any pending distributed transactions undergoing a two-phase commit at the time of the instance failure.

Question 593. Can Full Backup Be Performed When The Database Is Open?

Answer :

No.

Question 594. What Are The Different Modes Of Mounting A Database With The Parallel Server?

Answer :

Exclusive Mode If the first instance that mounts a database does so in exclusive mode, only that Instance can mount the database.

Parallel Mode If the first instance that mounts a database is started in parallel mode, other instances that are started in parallel mode can also mount the database.

Question 595. What Are The Advantages Of Operating A Database In Archivelog Mode Over Operating It In No Archivelog Mode ?

Answer :

Complete database recovery from disk failure is possible only in ARCHIVELOG mode. Online database backup is possible only in ARCHIVELOG mode.

Question 596. What Are The Steps Involved In Database Shutdown ?

Answer :

Close the Database, Dismount the Database and Shutdown the Instance.

Question 597. What Is Archived Redo Log ?

Answer :

Archived Redo Log consists of Redo Log files that have archived before being reused.

Question 598. What Is Restricted Mode Of Instance Startup ?

Answer :

An instance can be started in (or later altered to be in) restricted mode so that when the database is open connections are limited only to those whose user accounts have been granted the RESTRICTED SESSION system privilege.

Question 599. Can U Have Ole Objects In Forms?

Answer :

Yes.

Question 600. Can U Have Vbx And Ocx Controls In Forms ?

Answer :

Yes.

Question 601. What Are The Types Of Windows (window Style)?

Answer :

Specifies whether the window is a Document window or a Dialog window.

Question 602. What Is Ole Activation Style Property?

Answer :

Specifies the event that will activate the OLE containing item.

Question 603. Can U Change The Mouse Pointer ? How?

Answer :

Yes. Specifies the mouse cursor style. Use this property to dynamically change the shape of the cursor.

Question 604. How Many Types Of Columns Are There And What Are They?

Answer :

Formula columns :: For doing mathematical calculations and returning one value

Summary Columns :: For doing summary calculations such as summations etc.

Place holder Columns :: These columns are useful for storing the value in a variable .

Question 605. Can U Have More Than One Layout In Report?

Answer :

It is possible to have more than one layout in a report by using the additional layout option in the layout editor.

Question 606. Can U Run The Report With Out A Parameter Form?

Answer :

Yes it is possible to run the report without parameter form by setting the PARAM value to Null.

Question 607. What Is The Lock Option In Reports Layout ?

Answer :

By using the lock option we cannot move the fields in the layout editor outside the frame. This is useful for maintaining the fields.

Question 608. What Is Flex?

Answer :

Flex is the property of moving the related fields together by setting the flex property on.

Question 609. What Are The Minimum Number Of Groups Required For A Matrix Report ?

Answer :

The minimum number of groups required for a matrix report are 4 e --

Question 610. What Is A Synonym ?

Answer :

A synonym is an alias for a table, view, sequence or program unit.

Question 611. What Is A Sequence ?

Answer :

A sequence generates a serial list of unique numbers for numerical columns of a database's tables.

Question 612. What Is A Segment ?

Answer :

A segment is a set of extents allocated for a certain logical structure.

Question 613. Describe Referential Integrity ?

Answer :

A rule defined on a column (or set of columns) in one table that allows the insert or update of a row only if the value for the column or set of columns (the dependent value) matches a value in a column of a related table (the referenced value). It also specifies the type of data manipulation allowed on referenced data and the action to be performed on dependent data as a result of any action on referenced data.

Question 614. What Is Hash Cluster ?

Answer :

A row is stored in a hash cluster based on the result of applying a hash function to the row's cluster key value. All rows with the same hash key value are stores together on disk.

Question 615. What Is A Private Synonyms ?

Answer :

A Private Synonyms can be accessed only by the owner.

Question 616. What Is Database Link ?

Answer :

A database link is a named object that describes a "path" from one database to another.

Question 617. What Is Index Cluster?

Answer :

A cluster with an index on the cluster key.

Question 618. What Is Hash Cluster?

Answer :

A row is stored in a hash cluster based on the result of applying a hash function to the row's cluster key value. All rows with the same hash key value are stores together on disk.

Question 619. When Can Hash Cluster Used?

Answer :

Hash clusters are better choice when a table is often queried with equality queries. For such queries the specified cluster key value is hashed. The resulting hash key value points directly to the area on disk that stores the specified rows.

Question 620. What Are The Types Of Database Links?

Answer :

Private database link, public database link & network database link.

Question 621. What Is Private Database Link?

Answer :

Private database link is created on behalf of a specific user. A private database link can be used only when the owner of the link specifies a global object name in a SQL statement or in the definition of the owner's views or procedures.

Question 622. What Is Public Database Link?

Answer :

Public database link is created for the special user group PUBLIC. A public database link can be used when any user in the associated database specifies a global object name in a SQL statement or object definition.

Question 623. What Is Network Database Link?

Answer :

Network database link is created and managed by a network domain service. A network database link can be used when any user of any database in the network specifies a global object name in a SQL statement or object definition.

Question 624. What Is Data Block?

Answer :

Oracle database's data is stored in data blocks. One data block corresponds to a specific number of bytes of physical database space on disk.

Question 625. How To Define Data Block Size?

Answer :

A data block size is specified for each Oracle database when the database is created. A database users and allocated free database space in Oracle data blocks. Block size is specified in init. ora file and cannot be changed latter.

Question 626. What Is An Extent?

Answer :

An extent is a specific number of contiguous data blocks, obtained in a single allocation and used to store a specific type of information.

Question 627. What Are The Different Types Of Segments?

Answer :

Data segment, index segment, rollback segment and temporary segment.

Question 628. What Is An Index Segment?

Answer :

Each index has an index segment that stores all of its data.

Question 629. What Is Rollback Segment?

Answer :

A database contains one or more rollback segments to temporarily store "undo" information.

Question 630. What Are The Uses Of Rollback Segment?

Answer :

To generate read-consistent database information during database recovery and to rollback uncommitted transactions by the users.

Question 631. What Is A Temporary Segment?

Answer :

Temporary segments are created by Oracle when a SQL statement needs a temporary work area to complete execution. When the statement finishes execution, the temporary segment extents are released to the system for future use.

Question 632. What Is A Datafile?

Answer :

Every Oracle database has one or more physical data files. A database's data files contain all the database data. The data of logical database structures such as tables and indexes is physically stored in the data files allocated for a database.

Question 633. What Are The Characteristics Of Data Files?

Answer :

A data file can be associated with only one database. Once created a data file can't change size. One or more data files form a logical unit of database storage called a tablespace.

Question 634. What Is A Redo Log?

Answer :

The set of redo log files for a database is collectively known as the database redo log.

Question 635. What Is The Function Of Redo Log?

Answer :

The primary function of the redo log is to record all changes made to data.

Question 636. What Is The Use Of Redo Log Information?

Answer :

The information in a redo log file is used only to recover the database from a system or media failure prevents database data from being written to a database's data files.

Question 637. What Does A Control File Contains?

Answer :

• Database name
• Names and locations of a database's files and redolog files.
• Time stamp of database creation.

Question 638. What Is The Use Of Control File?

Answer :

When an instance of an Oracle database is started, its control file is used to identify the database and redo log files that must be opened for database operation to proceed. It is also used in database recovery.

Question 639. Is It Possible To Split The Print Reviewer Into More Than One Region?

Answer :

Yes.

Question 640. Is It Possible To Center An Object Horizontally In A Repeating Frame That Has A Variable Horizontal Size?

Answer :

Yes.

Question 641. For A Field In A Repeating Frame, Can The Source Come From The Column Which Does Not Exist In The Data Group Which Forms The Base For The Frame?

Answer :

Yes.

Question 642. Can A Field Be Used In A Report Without It Appearing In Any Data Group?

Answer :

Yes.

Question 643. The Join Defined By The Default Data Link Is An Outer Join Yes Or No?

Answer :

Yes.

Question 644. Can A Formula Column Referred To Columns In Higher Group?

Answer :

Yes.

Question 645. Can A Formula Column Be Obtained Through A Select Statement?

Answer :

Yes.

Question 646. Is It Possible To Insert Comments Into Sql Statements Return In The Data Model Editor?

Answer :

Yes.

Question 647. Is It Possible To Disable The Parameter From While Running The Report?

Answer :

Yes.

Question 648. When A Form Is Invoked With Call_form, Does Oracle Forms Issues A Save Point?

Answer :

Yes.

Question 649. Explain The Difference Between A Hot Backup And A Cold Backup And The Benefits Associated With Each?

Answer :

A hot backup is basically taking a backup of the database while it is still up and running and it must be in archive log mode. A cold backup is taking a backup of the database while it is shut down and does not require being in archive log mode. The benefit of taking a hot backup is that the database is still available for use while the backup is occurring and you can recover the database to any point in time. The benefit of taking a cold backup is that it is typically easier to administer the backup and recovery process. In addition, since you are taking cold backups the database does not require being in archive log mode and thus there will be a slight performance gain as the database is not cutting archive logs to disk.

Question 650. You Have Just Had To Restore From Backup And Do Not Have Any Control Files. How Would You Go About Bringing Up This Database?

Answer :

I would create a text based backup control file, stipulating where on disk all the data files where and then issue the recover command with the using backup control file clause.

Question 651. How Do You Switch From An Init.ora File To A Spfile?

Answer :

Issue the create spfile from pfile command.

Question 652. Explain The Difference Between A Data Block, An Extent And A Segment?

Answer :

A data block is the smallest unit of logical storage for a database object. As objects grow they take chunks of additional storage that are composed of contiguous data blocks. These groupings of contiguous data blocks are called extents. All the extents that an object takes when grouped together are considered the segment of the database object.

Question 653. Give Two Examples Of How You Might Determine The Structure Of The Table Dept?

Answer :

Use the describe command or use the dbms_metadata. get_ddl package.

Question 654. Where Would You Look For Errors From The Database Engine?

Answer :

In the alert log.

Question 655. Compare And Contrast Truncate And Delete For A Table?

Answer :

Both the truncate and delete command have the desired outcome of getting rid of all the rows in a table. The difference between the two is that the truncate command is a DDL operation and just moves the high water mark and produces a now rollback. The delete command, on the other hand, is a DML operation, which will produce a rollback and thus take longer to complete.

Question 656. Give The Reasoning Behind Using An Index?

Answer :

Faster access to data blocks in a table.

Question 657. Give The Two Types Of Tables Involved In Producing A Star Schema And The Type Of Data They Hold?

Answer :

Fact tables and dimension tables. A fact table contains measurements while dimension tables will contain data that will help describe the fact tables.

Question 658. What Type Of Index Should You Use On A Fact Table?

Answer :

A Bitmap index.

Question 659. Give Two Examples Of Referential Integrity Constraints?

Answer :

A primary key and a foreign key.

Question 660. A Table Is Classified As A Parent Table And You Want To Drop And Re-create It. How Would You Do This Without Affecting The Children Tables?

Answer :

Disable the foreign key constraint to the parent, drop the table, re-create the table, enable the foreign key constraint.

Question 661. Explain The Difference Between Archivelog Mode And Noarchivelog Mode And The Benefits And Disadvantages To Each?

Answer :

ARCHIVELOG mode is a mode that you can put the database in for creating a backup of all transactions that have occurred in the database so that you can recover to any point in time.

NOARCHIVELOG mode is basically the absence of ARCHIVELOG mode and has the disadvantage of not being able to recover to any point in time. NOARCHIVELOG mode does have the advantage of not having to write transactions to an archive log and thus increases the performance of the database slightly.

Question 662. What Command Would You Use To Create A Backup Control File?

Answer :

Alter database backup control file to trace.

Question 663. Give The Stages Of Instance Startup To A Usable State Where Normal Users May Access It?

Answer :

STARTUP NOMOUNT:  Instance startup.

STARTUP MOUNT: The database is mounted.

STARTUP OPEN: The database is opened.

Question 664. What Column Differentiates The V$ Views To The Gv$ Views And How?

Answer :

The INST_ID column which indicates the instance in a RAC environment the information came from.

Question 665. How Would You Go About Increasing The Buffer Cache Hit Ratio?

Answer :

Use the buffer cache advisory over a given workload and then query the v$db_cache_advice table. If a change was necessary then I would use the alter system set db_cache_size command.

Question 666. Explain An Ora-01555?

Answer :

You get this error when you get a snapshot too old within rollback. It can usually be solved by increasing the undo retention or increasing the size of rollbacks. You should also look at the logic involved in the application getting the error message.

Question 667. Explain The Difference Between $oracle_home And $oracle_base?

Answer :

ORACLE_BASE is the root directory for oracle. ORACLE_HOME located beneath. ORACLE_BASE is where the oracle products reside.

Question 668. How Would You Determine The Time Zone Under Which A Database Was Operating?

Answer :

select DBTIMEZONE from dual;

Question 669. Explain The Use Of Setting Global_names Equal To True?

Answer :

Setting GLOBAL_NAMES dictates how you might connect to a database. This variable is either TRUE or FALSE and if it is set to TRUE it enforces database links to have the same name as the remote database to which they are linking.

Question 670. What Command Would You Use To Encrypt A Pl/sql Application?

Answer :

WRAP.

Question 671. Explain The Difference Between A Function, Procedure And Package?

Answer :

A function and procedure are the same in that they are intended to be a collection of PL/SQL code that carries a single task. While a procedure does not have to return any values to the calling application, a function will return a single value. A package on the other hand is a collection of functions and procedures that are grouped together based on their commonality to a business function or application.

Question 672. Explain The Use Of Table Functions?

Answer :

Table functions are designed to return a set of rows through PL/SQL logic but are intended to be used as a normal table or view in a SQL statement. They are also used to pipeline information in an ETL process.

Question 673. Name Three Advisory Statistics You Can Collect?

Answer :

Buffer Cache Advice, Segment Level Statistics, & Timed Statistics.

Question 674. Where In The Oracle Directory Tree Structure Are Audit Traces Placed?

Answer :

In unix $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/audit, in Windows the event viewer.

Question 675. Explain Materialized Views And How They Are Used?

Answer :

Materialized views are objects that are reduced sets of information that have been summarized, grouped, or aggregated from base tables. They are typically used in data warehouse or decision support systems.

Question 676. When A User Process Fails, What Background Process Cleans Up After It?

Answer :

PMON.

Question 677. What Background Process Refreshes Materialized Views?

Answer :

The Job Queue Processes.

Question 678. How Would You Determine What Sessions Are Connected And What Resources They Are Waiting For?

Answer :

Use of V$SESSION and V$SESSION_WAIT.

Question 679. Describe What Redo Logs Are?

Answer :

Redo logs are logical and physical structures that are designed to hold all the changes made to a database and are intended to aid in the recovery of a database.

Question 680. How Would You Force A Log Switch?

Answer :

ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;

Question 681. What Does Coalescing A Tablespace Do?

Answer :

Coalescing is only valid for dictionary-managed tablespaces and de-fragments space by combining neighboring free extents into large single extents.

Question 682. What Is The Difference Between A Temporary Tablespace And A Permanent Tablespace?

Answer :

A temporary tablespace is used for temporary objects such as sort structures while permanent tablespaces are used to store those objects meant to be used as the true objects of the database.

Question 683. Name A Tablespace Automatically Created When You Create A Database?

Answer :

The SYSTEM tablespace.

Question 684. When Creating A User, What Permissions Must You Grant To Allow Them To Connect To The Database?

Answer :

Grant the CONNECT to the user.

Question 685. How Do You Add A Data File To A Tablespace ?

Answer :

ALTER TABLESPACE <tablespace_name> ADD DATAFILE <datafile_name> SIZE;

Question 686. How Do You Resize A Data File?

Answer :

ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE <datafile_name> RESIZE <new_size>;

Question 687. What View Would You Use To Look At The Size Of A Data File?

Answer :

DBA_DATA_FILES.

Question 688. What View Would You Use To Determine Free Space In A Tablespace?

Answer :

DBA_FREE_SPACE.

Question 689. How Would You Determine Who Has Added A Row To A Table?

Answer :

Turn on fine grain auditing for the table.

Question 690. How Can You Rebuild An Index?

Answer :

ALTER INDEX <index_name> REBUILD;

Question 691. Explain What Partitioning Is And What Its Benefit Is?

Answer :

Partitioning is a method of taking large tables and indexes and splitting them into smaller, more manageable pieces.

Question 692. You Have Just Compiled A Pl/sql Package But Got Errors, How Would You View The Errors?

Answer :

SHOW ERRORS.

Question 693. How Can You Gather Statistics On A Table?

Answer :

The ANALYZE command.

Question 694. How Can You Enable A Trace For A Session?

Answer :

Use the DBMS_SESSION.SET_SQL_TRACE;

or

Use ALTER SESSION SET SQL_TRACE = TRUE;

Question 695. What Is The Difference Between The Sql*loader And Import Utilities?

Answer :

These two Oracle utilities are used for loading data into the database. The difference is that the import utility relies on the data being produced by another Oracle utility EXPORT while the SQL*Loader utility allows data to be loaded that has been produced by other utilities from different data sources just so long as it conforms to ASCII formatted or delimited files.

Question 696. Name Two Files Used For Network Connection To A Database?

Answer :

TNSNAMES.ORA and SQLNET.ORA.

Question 697. What Is The Function Of Optimizer ?

Answer :

The goal of the optimizer is to choose the most efficient way to execute a SQL statement.

Question 698. What Is Execution Plan ?

Answer :

The combinations of the steps the optimizer chooses to execute a statement is called an execution plan.

Question 699. What Is Save Point ?

Answer :

For long transactions that contain many SQL statements, intermediate markers or savepoints can be declared which can be used to divide a transaction into smaller parts. This allows the option of later rolling back all work performed from the current point in the transaction to a declared savepoint within the transaction.

Question 700. What Are The Values That Can Be Specified For Optimizer Mode Parameter ?

Answer :

COST and RULE.

Question 701. Can One Rename A Tablespace?

Answer :

No, this is listed as Enhancement Request 148742.

Workaround:

• Export all of the objects from the tablespace
• Drop the tablespace including contents
• Recreate the tablespace
• Import the objects

Question 702. What Is Rule-based Approach To Optimization ?

Answer :

Choosing an executing planbased on the access paths available and the ranks of these access paths.

Question 703. What Are The Values That Can Be Specified For Optimizer_goal Parameter Of The Alter Session Command ?

Answer :

CHOOSE, ALL_ROWS, FIRST_ROWS and RULE.

Question 704. What Are The Responsibilities Of A Database Administrator ?

Answer :

Installing and upgrading the Oracle Server and application tools. Allocating system storage and planning future storage requirements for the database system. Managing primary database structures (tablespaces) Managing primary objects (table,views,indexes) Enrolling users and maintaining system security. Ensuring compliance with Oralce license agreement Controlling and monitoring user access to the database. Monitoring and optimizing the performance of the database. Planning for backup and recovery of database information. Maintain archived data on tape Backing up and restoring the database. Contacting Oracle Corporation for technical support.

Question 705. What Is A Trace File And How Is It Created ?

Answer :

Each server and background process can write an associated trace file. When an internal error is detected by a process or user process, it dumps information about the error to its trace. This can be used for tuning the database.

Question 706. What Are The Roles And User Accounts Created Automatically With The Database?

Answer :

DBA: role Contains all database system privileges.

SYS user account: The DBA role will be assigned to this account. All of the base tables and views for the database's dictionary are store in this schema and are manipulated only by ORACLE.

SYSTEM user account: It has all the system privileges for the database and additional tables and views that display administrative information and internal tables and views used by oracle tools are created using this username.

Question 707. What Is The Difference Between Online And Offline Backups?

Answer :