Datafiles are physical files of the operating system that store the data of all logical structures in the database. They must be explicitly created for each tablespace.
Oracle Database assigns each datafile two associated file numbers, an absolute file number and a relative file number, that are used to uniquely identify it. These numbers are described in the following table:
Type of File Number Description
This section describes aspects of managing datafiles, and contains the following topics:
Determine the Number of Datafiles
At least one datafile is required for the SYSTEM and SYSAUX tablespaces of a database. Your database should contain several other tablespaces with their associated datafiles or tempfiles. The number of datafiles that you anticipate creating for your database can affect the settings of initialization parameters and the specification of CREATE DATABASE statement clauses.
Be aware that your operating system might impose limits on the number of datafiles contained in your Oracle Database. Also consider that the number of datafiles, and how and where they are allocated can affect the performance of your database. Consider the following guidelines when determining the number of datafiles for your database.
Determine a Value for the DB_FILES Initialization Parameter
When starting an Oracle Database instance, the DB_FILES initialization parameter indicates the amount of SGA space to reserve for datafile information and thus, the maximum number of datafiles that can be created for the instance. This limit applies for the life of the instance. You can change the value of DB_FILES (by changing the initialization parameter setting), but the new value does not take effect until you shut down and restart the instance.
When determining a value for DB_FILES, take the following into consideration:
Consider Possible Limitations When Adding Datafiles to a Tablespace
You can add datafiles to traditional small file tablespaces, subject to the following limitations:
Consider the Performance Impact
The number of datafiles contained in a tablespace, and ultimately the database, can have an impact upon performance.
Oracle Database allows more datafiles in the database than the operating system defined limit. The database DBWn processes can open all online datafiles. Oracle Database is capable of treating open file descriptors as a cache, automatically closing files when the number of open file descriptors reaches the operating system-defined limit. This can have a negative performance impact. When possible, adjust the operating system limit on open file descriptors so that it is larger than the number of online datafiles in the database.
Determine the Size of Datafiles
When creating a tablespace, you should estimate the potential size of database objects and create sufficient datafiles. Later, if needed, you can create additional datafiles and add them to a tablespace to increase the total amount of disk space allocated to it, and consequently the database. Preferably, place datafiles on multiple devices to ensure that data is spread evenly across all devices.
Place Datafiles Appropriately
Tablespace location is determined by the physical location of the datafiles that constitute that tablespace. Use the hardware resources of your computer appropriately.
For example, if several disk drives are available to store the database, consider placing potentially contending datafiles on separate disks.This way, when users query information, both disk drives can work simultaneously, retrieving data at the sametime.
Store Datafiles Separate from Redo Log Files
Data files should not be stored on the same disk drive that stores the database redo log files. If the datafiles and redo log files are stored on the same disk drive and that disk drive fails, the files cannot be used in your database recovery procedures. If you multiplex your redo log files, then the likelihood of losing all of your redo log files is low, so you can store datafiles on the same drive as some redo log files.
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Overview Of Administering An Oracle Database
Creating An Oracle Database
Starting Up And Shutting Down
Managing Oracle Database Processes
Managing Control Files
Managing The Redo Log
Managing Archived Redo Logs
Managing Tablespaces
Managing Datafiles And Tempfiles
Managing The Undo Tablespace
Using Oracle-managed Files
Using Automatic Storage Management
Managing Space For Schema Objects
Managing Tables
Managing Indexes
Managing Partitioned Tables And Indexes
Managing Clusters
Managing Hash Clusters
Managing Views, Sequences, And Synonyms
General Management Of Schema Objects
Detecting And Repairing Data Block Corruption
Managing Users And Securing The Database
Managing Automatic System Tasks Using The Maintenance Window
Using The Database Resource Manager
Moving From Dbms_job To Dbms_scheduler
Overview Of Scheduler Concepts
Using The Scheduler
Administering The Scheduler
Distributed Database Concepts
Managing A Distributed Database
Developing Applications For A Distributed Database System
Distributed Transactions Concepts
Managing Distributed Transactions
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