Internet Programming Interview Questions & Answers

Question 1. Define Xhtml ?

Answer :

XHTML(Extensible Hybertext Markup Language) is a Markup language that specifies the format of the text that is displayed in a web browser such that microsoft’s Internet Explorer or Netscape.It is cross between HTML and XML.

Question 2. What Is Key Issue Of Xhtml?

Answer :

A key issue when using XHTML is the separation of the  presentation of a document from the structure of the information in the document.

Question 3. What Are The Important Elements Of An Xhtml Document?

Answer :

Important elements of an XHTML document are the html element ,the head element and the body element.   

Question 4. Difference Between Html And Xhtml?

Answer :

In HTML,it is to specify the document’s content, structure and formatting.Formatting might specify where the browser placed  an element in a webpage or the fonts and colors used to display an element.

In XHTML, allows only a document’s content and structure to appear in a valid XHTML document, and not  its formatting.Normally such formatting is specified with cascading style sheets.

Question 5. Rules For Writing Xhtml Document ?

Answer :

1.  Elements and Attributes  should be written in lowercase.
2.  All elements should be closed.
3.  All documents should  have Doctype.
4.  All elements should be properly nested.

Question 6. Define Headers In Xhtml ?

Answer :

XHTML provides six headers(h1 through h6) for specifying the  relative importance of information.Header element  h1 is considered the most significant header and is rendered in a larger font than the other five  headers. Each successive header element(h2..h6)is rendered in a progressively smaller font.

Question 7. What Is The Use Of Linking Element In Xhtml?

Answer :

• One of the most important XHTML features is the hyperlink (Linking element) which references(or links) to other resources, such as XHTML documents,web pages, a file or an email address.
• Links are created using the a(anchor element).The most important attribute for the a element is href which specifies the resource being linked. Ex:yahoo.

Question 8. Explain The Use Of Img Element ?

Answer :

• An img element is used to insert an image in the document .The image file’s location is specified with the img element’s src attribute.
• Optional  attributes width and height specify the image’s width and height.

Question 9. What Is The Use Of Alt Attribute In Img Element?

Answer :

• The alt attribute in img element makes webpages more accessible  to users with  disabilities, especially those with vision mpairments who use text based browser.
• The speech synthesizer software application “speaks” the alt attribute’s value so that the user knows  what the browser is displaying.

Question 10. What Is The Difference Between Unordered List Element And Ordered List Element?

Answer :

• The undered list element ul creates a list in which each item in the list begins   with a bullet symbol(called disc).Each entry in an undered list is a li(list item)element.
• The ol (ordered list element) creates a list in which each item begins with a number.

Question 11. What Are The Three Sections In Xhtml Table?

Answer :

• A  table has three distinct sections- head, body and foot.
• The head section is defined with a thead element which contains  header information such as column names.
• The foot section is defined with tfoot element.
• The body section or table body contains the table’s primary data.

Question 12. Define Forms In Xhtml ?

Answer :

• XHTML provides forms for collecting information from  users.Forms contain visual components such as buttons that users click.
• Forms may also contain non-visual components called hidden inputs which are used to store any data such as e-mail ddressesand XHTML document file names used for linking.
• A form begins with the form element.Attribute method specifies how the form’s data is sent to the server.

Question 13. Define Imagemap ?

Answer :

Image maps are defined with map elements.Attribute id identifies the image map.Hotspots are defined with the area element.Attribute href specifies the link’s target.Attributes shape and co-ords specify the hotspot’s shape and co-ordinates and alt provides alternative text. 

Question 14. Define Frames In Xhtml ?

Answer :

• Frames allow the browser to display more than one XHTML document  simultaneously.
• The frameset element informs the browser that the page contains rames.
• XHTML provides the no frames element to specify alternative content for browsers that do not support frames.
• Frame set element is used to create more complex layouts in a web page by nesting framesets.

Question 15. What Is The Use Of Summary And Caption Element In Table Element?

Answer :

• Element summary summarizes the table’s contents and is used by speech devices  to make the table more accessible to users with isual impairments.
• Element caption describes the table’s content. The text inside the tag is rendered above the table in most browsers.

Question 16. What Is The Use Of Internal Hyperlink?

Answer :

• Internal  Linking is a mechanism that enables the user to jump between locations in the same document.
• Internal linking is useful for long documents  that contain many sections.
• Clinking an internal link enables users to find a section without scrolling through  entire document.

Question 17. Define Css ?

Answer :

CSS is Cascading Style Sheets that allow document authors to  specify the  presentation of elements on a webpage separately from the structure of the document.
This separation of structure from presentation simplifies maintaining and modifying a document’s layout.

• Define :Inline Style Sheet and Embedded Style Sheet.
• Inline Style Sheet:-Inline Styles that declare an individual element’s format using the XHTML attribute Style.
• Embedded Style Sheet:-Embedded style sheets enable a web-page author to embed  an entire css document in an XHTML document’s head section.

Question 18. What Is The Use Of External Linking Of Style Sheets?

Answer :

External linking of style sheets can create a uniform look for a  website.Separate  pages can all use the same styles.Modifying a single style sheet file makes changes to styles across an entire website.

Question 19. What Is The Difference Between Absolute Positioning And Relative Positioning In Css?

Answer :

Absolute positioning:-Which gives authors greater control over how document elements are displayed. Specifying an element’s position as absolute removes the element from the normal flow  of elements on the page, instead positioning it according to the distance from the top, left, right or bottom.

Relative positioning:- In which elements  are positioned relative to other elements.Relative positioning keeps elements in the general flow of elements on the page,so positioning is relative to other elements in the flow.

Question 20. What Is The Use Of Z-index In Position Property Of Css?

Answer :

The  Z-index property allows a developer to layer overlapping elements .Elements  that have higher Z-index value are displayed in front of elements with lower z-index values.

Question 21. Define Margin And Padding In Css ?

Answer :

Margin:-The Margin property determines the distance between the  element’s  edge and any outside text.Margins for individual sides of an element can be specified by using margin-top,margin-right,margin-left,margin-bottom.

Padding:- The padding property determines the distance between the content inside  an element and the edge of the  element.Padding also can be set for each side of the box using padding-top,padding-right,padding-left,padding-bottom.

Question 22. What Is The Use Of Class Attribute In Css?

Answer :

The class attribute allows more than one class to be assigned to  an XHTML element by separating each class name from the next with a space.

Question 23. Define Object Model In Dhtml ?

Answer :

The Dynamic HTML Object Model gives Web authors great control over the presentation of their pages by giving them access to all the elements on their Web page.The whole Web page elements,forms,frames tables ,etc is presentated in an object hierarchy.Using scripting , an author is able to retrieve and modify any properties or attributes of the webpage dynamically.

Question 24. How To Refer An Element In Dhtml?

Answer :

The simplest way to reference an element is by id attribute.The element is replaced as an object  and its various XHTML attributes become properties that can be manipulated by scripting.

Ex: <p id=”ptext”>

In script:<script type=”text/javascript” for=”ptext”>

Question 25. Define Collections In Dhtml?

Answer :

Collections are basically arrays of related objects on a page .There are several special  collections in the object model.

Ex: all and children collection.

Question 26. What Is The Difference Between Innertext And Innerhtml Property?

Answer :

innerText:- The innerText property of the object refers to the text contained  in the element.

innerHTML:-The innerHTML property is similar to innerText,but it  can include XHTML formatting.

Question 27. What Is Dynamic Content?

Answer :

Changing the text displayed on screen is a Dynamic HTML ability called dynamic content.

Question 28. What Is The Use Of Tagname And Classname Property In Dhtml?

Answer :

The tagName property contains the name  of the tags we encounter while looping through the document , to place them in the string element.

The className property of an element is used to change the element’s style class.

Question 29. What Is Dynamic Positioning?

Answer :

In Dynamic positioning ,XHTML elements can be positioned with scripting.This is done by declaring an element’s CSS position property to be either absolute or relative and  then  moving the element by manipulating any of the top,right or bottom CSS properties.

Question 30. What Is The Use Of Navigator Object?

Answer :

The navigator object contains information about the web browser that is viewing the page. This allows Web authors to determine which browser the user has.The navigator.appName property contains the name of the application.

Ex for IE,this property is “Microsoft Internet Explorer” for Netscape, it is “Netscape”.

Question 31. What Is The Use Of Offsetx And Offsety Properties Of An Event Object?

Answer :

The event object contains information about the triggered event.The offsetX and offsetY properties of an event object give the location of the mouse cursor relative to the top-left corner of the object on which the event was triggered.

Question 32. What Is The Use Of On Error Event In Dhtml?

Answer :

The on error event is used to write error handling code.The syntax window.onerror=functionName specifies that functionName runs if the onerror is triggered in the window object. Error handlers can accept three parameters from the onerror event.

Question 33. What Are The Three Parameters Passed By Onerror Event?

Answer :

The  Error handlers can accept three parameters from the on error event.The  onerror event passes the type of error that occurred, the URL of the file that had the error and the line number on which the error occurred.

Question 34. What Is The Difference Between Filters And Transitions ?

Answer :

Filters and Transitions are specified with the CSS filter property. Filters and Transitions do not add content to your pages-rather, they present existing content in an engaging manner to cpture the user’s attention.

Filters:-Applying filters to text and images  causes changes that are persistent.

Transitions:-Applying a transition allow to transfer from one page to another with a pleasant visual effect, such as a random dissolve.

Question 35. Where We Can Apply Filters And Transitions Property?

Answer :

Filters and Transitions can be applied to all block-level elements such as div or  p.They can be applied to an inline-level element such as strong or em, however ,only if the element has its height or width CSS property set.

Question 36. What Is The Use Of Flipv And Fliph Flip Filters?

Answer :

The flipv and fliph filters mirror text or images vertically and horizontally.

Fliph:- Which flips the affected object horizontally.

Flipv:-  Which flips the affected object vertically.

Question 37. What Is The Use Of Chroma Filter?

Answer :

The chroma  filter applies transparency effects dynamically, without using a graphics editor to hard-code transparency into the image.

Question 38. What Is The Use Of Shadow And Glow Filter And Alpha Filters?

Answer :

Shadow filter:-A simple filter that adds depth to your text is the shadow filter.This filter creates a shadowing effect that gives your text a three –dimensional appearance.

Glow filter:- The glow filter adds an aura of color around text.The color and strength can  both be specified in glow filter.

Alpha filter:-The alpha filter is also used for transparency effects not achievable with the chroma filter.

Question 39. What Is The Use Of Data Binding ?

Answer :

• With data binding, data need no longer reside exclusively  on the server.Data can be maintained on the client in a manner that distinguishes it from the XHTML code on the page.
• Once the data is available on the client,the web application designer can provide various functionality,especially the ability to sort and filter the data in various ways.

Question 40. What Is Tdc?

Answer :

• TDC is an Tabular Data Control. It is an ActiveX control that can be added to the page with an object tag.
• When the web page is loaded with data-bound elements,the client retrieves the data from the data source specified by the TDC. The data is then formatted for display on the Web page and remains accessible on the client.

Question 41. What Is Activex Control?

Answer :

• ActiveX control is basically an object which  can be placed on the web page in order to increase the user’s interaction.
• The ActiveX control is basically a set of rules which can be applied to create the interactive objects.

Question 42. What Is The Use Of Object Tag?

Answer :

An object tag  inserts  an ActiveX  Tabular  Data control .The classid attribute  specifies the ActiveX control identifier.

Question 43. What Is The Use Of Param Tag?

Answer :

The param tag specifies parameters for the object in the object tag.The name  attribute is the parameter name and the value attribute is the value.The DataURL parameter  is the  URL of the data source .The Use Header parameter  specifies that the first line of the data file  is to have  a header row  when set to true.The TextQualifier parameter sets the text qualifier of the data.The FieldDelim parameter sets  the field delimiter of the data.

Question 44. What Is Use Of Datasrc And Datafld Attributes?

Answer :

The datasrc attribute refers to the id of the TDC object,and the datafld attribute specifies the name of the field  to which it is bound.

List out the different  Multimedia-ActiveX objects:

• Sequence control
• Path control
• Media player
• Sprite control
• Structured Graphics Control.

Question 45. What Are The Two Functions Used For Displaying The Text Using Activex Control?

Answer :

• SetFont(font_name,font_size,boldness,if_italic,if_underlined,if_strickthrough)
• Text(String, x,y,rotation).

Question 46. What Is The Need Of Client-side Scripting?

Answer :

Following are the issues that get handled using client side scripting:

1. simple scripting language like HTML or XML represents the data on the web page in simple manner.
2. The scripting languages like Javascript and DHTML are useful for enhancing the interactivity of the user with the web browser.
3. Mathematical evaluation is also possible using the client side scripting.
4. Using client side scripting languages the web page which gets designed for the user provides a graphical user interface using which the user can input his data in an elegant manner.This data can then be submitted to database or any server side scripting language in order to process it further.
5. The input validation can  also be possible using client side scripting language like Javascript.

Question 47. What Is The Advantage Of Indirectly Embedding Of Javascript?

Answer :

• Script can be hidden from the browser user
• The layout and presentation of web document can be separated out from the user interaction through the Javascript.

Question 48. What Is The Disadvantage Of Indirectly Embedding Of Javascript?

Answer :

If small amount of Javascript code has to be embedded in XHTML document  then making a separate Javascript file is meaning less If the Javascript code has to be embedded at several places in XHTML document then it is complicated to make separate Javascript file and each time invoking the code for it from the XHTML documents.

Listout the Global functions in Javascript type:

• Eval
• isFinite
• isNan
• parseFloat
• parseInt
• unescape.

Question 49. What Are Three Forms Of Control Statements Available In Javascript?

Answer :

• Sequence  statement
• Selection    statement       

                 If statement
                 If …else statement
                 Switch statement     

• Repetition   statement

                    While statement
                     Do.. while
                     For   statement
                     For in statement .

Question 50. Write The Name Of Objects Available In Javascript ?

Answer :

• Math object
• String object
• Date object
• Boolean and Number object
• Document object
• Window object
• Write the methods available in document object.
• Write(string)
• Writeln(string)
• Document.cookie
• Document.lastModified.

Question 51. Write The Methods Available In Window Object ?

Answer :

• open(url,name,options)
• Prompt(prompt,default)
• Close()
• Focus()
• Blur()
• Window.document
• Window.closed
• Window.opener.

Question 52. What Are The Methods Available In Date Object?

Answer :

• getDate()
• getUTCDate()
• getHours()
• getUTCHours()
• setTime()
• getTime().

Question 53. What Is The Use Of Array Object In Javascript?

Answer :

An array in Javascript is an Arrayobject Operator new is used to dynamically allocate the number of elements required by an array.Operator new creates an object as the program executes,by  obtaining enough memory to store an object of the type specified to the right of new.

Question 54. Write The Methods Available In String Object ?

Answer :

• Split(string)
• Slice(start,end)
• Substr(start,length)
• Substring(start,end)
• toLowercase()
• toUpperCase().

Question 55. What Is The Use Of Data Binding?

Answer :

With data binding, data need no longer reside exclusively  on the server.Data can be maintained on the client in a manner that distinguishes it from the XHTML code on the page.

Once the data is available on the client,the web application designer can provide various functionality,especially the ability to sort and filter the data in various ways.

Question 56. Write The Syntax For Various Objects Used In Sgc ?

Answer :

1. Rect(x,y,width,height,rotation)
2. Oval(x,y,width,height,rotation)
3. RoundRect(x,y,width,height,arc_width,arc_height,rotation)
4. Arc(x,y,width,height,starting_angle,arc_angle,rotation)
5. Polygon(number_of _points,x1,y1,….xn,yn,rotation)
6. Pie(x,y,width,height,starting_angle,arc_angle,rotation).

Question 57. What Is The Use Of Init() Method In Servlet Life Cycle?

Answer :

• The client enters the URL in the web browser and makes a request .The browser then generates the HTTP request and sends it to the Web server.
• Web server maps this request  to the corresponding servlet.
• The server basically invokes the init() METHOD OF SERVLET.This method is called only when the servlet is loaded in the memory for the first time.Using this method initialization parameters can also be passed to the servlet in order to configure itself.

Question 58. What Is The Function Of Service() Method In Servlet?

Answer :

Server can invoke the service for particular HTTP request using service()method.The servlets can thenread the data provided by the HTTP request with the help of service() method.

Question 59. What Is The Function Of Destroy() Method In Servlet?

Answer :

Finally server unloads the servlet from the memory using the destroy() method.

Question 60. What Are The Two Packages Used To Implement The Servlet?

Answer :

• Javax.servlet
• Javax.servlet.http.

Question 61. What Is The Use Of Javax .servlet Pakage?

Answer :

This package is used to implement the servlet.The most important interface in this package is Servlet.All the servlet must implement this interface.

Question 62. Why Internet Protocol Is Called As Connectionless Protocol?

Answer :

Internet protocol(IP)  is called connectionless  protocol because it does not exchange any control  information before transmitting any data.The data is just sent to the destination with a hope that it will reach at appropriate place.

Question 63. Why Internet Protocol Is Called As Unreliable Protocol?

Answer :

IP is known as an unreliable protocol because it does not have the provision of retransmitting the lost packets or detect the corrupted data.